M(t1) | M(tn) | SD(t1) | SD(tn) | t | df | p | Effect size | Improvement (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low competence (total score < 4; N = 123) | |||||||||
Independence | 3.06 | 4.20 | 0.98 | 1.15 | 10.05* | 122 | <.0001 | 1.07 | 69.1 |
Future perspective | 2.88 | 3.85 | 1.25 | 1.65 | 6.15* | 122 | <.0001 | 0.66 | 60.2 |
Conflict management | 2.91 | 4.02 | 0.86 | 1.25 | 8.86* | 122 | <.0001 | 1.03 | 71.5 |
Ability to criticize / take criticism | 3.06 | 3.98 | 1.12 | 1.29 | 6.12* | 122 | <.0001 | 0.76 | 56.1 |
Reliability / rule compliance | 3.75 | 4.44 | 1.22 | 1.34 | 4.85* | 122 | <.0001 | 0.54 | 55.3 |
Behavior at school / vocational training | 3.26 | 4.32 | 1.36 | 1.49 | 6.17* | 122 | <.0001 | 0.74 | 61.0 |
Integration into (peer)groups/ friendship | 3.49 | 4.66 | 1.24 | 1.54 | 8.00* | 122 | <.0001 | 0.84 | 65.0 |
Ability to communicate | 3.62 | 4.48 | 0.87 | 1.20 | 7.73* | 122 | <.0001 | 0.82 | 61.0 |
Total score | 3.25 | 4.24 | 0.51 | 1.03 | 10.48* | 122 | <.0001 | 1.22 | 81.3 |
High competence (total score > =4; N = 292) | |||||||||
Independence | 4.85 | 5.18 | 1.06 | 1.21 | 4.36* | 291 | <.0001 | 0.29 | 47.3 |
Future perspective | 4.87 | 4.99 | 1.26 | 1.42 | 1.28 | 291 | .2003 | 0.09 | 38.7 |
Conflict management | 4.54 | 4.85 | 1.09 | 1.15 | 4.05* | 291 | <.0001 | 0.28 | 44.5 |
Ability to criticize / take criticism | 4.64 | 4.84 | 1.13 | 1.16 | 2.60 | 291 | .0098 | 0.17 | 38.7 |
Reliability / rule compliance | 5.47 | 5.45 | 1.07 | 1.16 | 0.33 | 291 | .7429 | −0.02 | 33.2 |
Behavior at school / vocational training | 5.18 | 5.09 | 1.25 | 1.32 | 0.99 | 291 | .3224 | −0.07 | 33.2 |
Integration into (peer)groups/ friendship | 5.36 | 5.56 | 1.14 | 1.16 | 2.75 | 291 | .0062 | 0.17 | 40.1 |
Ability to communicate | 5.01 | 5.20 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 2.63 | 291 | .0091 | 0.19 | 40.4 |
Total score | 4.99 | 5.14 | 0.67 | 0.88 | 3.17 | 291 | .0017 | 0.19 | 58.6 |