Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the breastfed and non-breastfed participants, and of participants excluded from analyses
From: Breastfeeding is associated with enhanced learning abilities in school-aged children
Characteristics | Ever-breastfed participants (n = 516) | Never-breastfed participants (n = 352) | p value | Excluded participants (n = 221) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean (SD) | 9.1 (0.7) | 9.0 (0.7) | 0.337 | 9.1 (0.7) | 0.041 |
Sex (male), N (%) | 267 (51.7) | 186 (52.8) | 0.751 | 118 (53.4) | 0.749 |
Annual family income >$2500, N (%) | 311 (60.9) | 229 (65.4) | 0.173 | 81 (59.6) | 0.480 |
Paternal education, years, mean (SD) | 13.8 (2.2) | 13.8 (2.2) | 0.928 | 13.2 (2.3) | 0.001 |
Maternal education | 13.3 (2.0) | 13.1 (2.1) | 0.118 | 12.8 (2.2) | 0.043 |
Region | 0.098 | <0.001 | |||
Urban | 220 (42.6) | 128 (36.4) | 115 (52.0) | ||
Industrial | 214 (41.5) | 152 (43.2) | 56 (25.3) | ||
Rural | 82 (15.9) | 72 (20.5) | 50 (22.6) | ||
Birth weight | 3.3 (0.5) | 3.2 (0.5) | <0.001 | 3.2 (0.5) | 0.886 |
Maternal age at birth | 28.3 (3.8) | 28.4 (3.8) | 0.875 | 28.9 (4.9) | 0.245 |
Maternal IQ | 108.1 (11.4) | 106.4 (11.9) | 0.039 | 108.4 (10.1) | 0.886 |
Gestational age at birth | 39.8 (1.2) | 39.7 (1.6) | 0.241 | 39.8 (0.8) | 0.213 |