Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the total sample including boys and girls
Variable | Theoretical range | Total sample (N = 4070) | Boys (N = 2013) | Girls (N = 2057) | Boys–girls difference test | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | α | M | SD | M | SD | W | p | d (95% CI) | ||
PIU | (5, 20) | 8.00 | 3.02 | 0.79 | 7.94 | 3.20 | 8.06 | 2.84 | 1,928,820 |  < 0.001 | 0.04 (− 0.02; 0.10) |
PSU | (9, 45) | 23.36 | 8.24 | 0.86 | 22.36 | 8.61 | 24.33 | 7.74 | 1,750,946 |  < 0.001 | 0.24 (0.18; 0.30) |
Externalizing | (10, 30) | 16.67 | 3.27 | 0.66 | 16.53 | 3.22 | 16.81 | 3.31 | 1,981,714 | 0.018 | 0.09 (0.02; 0.15) |
Internalizing | (10, 30) | 15.38 | 3.35 | 0.63 | 14.63 | 3.13 | 16.12 | 3.40 | 1,523,921 |  < 0.001 | 0.45 (0.39; 0.52) |
FoMO | (5, 25) | 12.68 | 4.01 | 0.73 | 11.99 | 4.21 | 13.36 | 3.68 | 1,623,190 |  < 0.001 | 0.35 (0.29; 0.41) |
Resilience | (12, 36) | 29.29 | 3.68 | 0.68 | 29.27 | 3.59 | 29.30 | 3.77 | 2,042,408 | 0.434 | 0.01 (− 0.05; 0.07) |
Hopelessness | (5, 10) | 5.85 | 1.38 | 0.79 | 5.75 | 1.27 | 5.95 | 1.47 | 1,965,174 | 0.001 | 0.14 (0.08; 0.20) |