Physical activity and mental health in children and youth during COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 4 Meta-regression analyses on influencing factors for the heterogeneity of included studies

Studies on negative psychological responses	β	t	P	95% CI
Age^a	− 0.010	− 6.52	0.001	− 0.013	− 0.007
Total PA	− 0.171	− 3.77	0.001	− 0.263	− 0.079
PA duration	− 0.219	− 4.51	0.001	− 0.319	− 0.121
PA frequency	− 0.050	− 0.50	0.622	− 0.253	0.153
PA intensity	− 0.326	− 5.49	0.001	− 0.446	− 0.206
Quality	− 0.172	− 7.04	0.001	− 0.222	− 0.123
Disability	− 0.147	− 1.99	0.053	− 0.296	− 0.002

Studies on positive psychological responses	β	t	P	95% CI
Age^a	0.012	4.02	0.002	0.005	0.019
Total PA	0.165	2.54	0.028	0.022	0.308
PA duration	0.090	0.40	0.697	− 0.407	0.588
PA frequency	0.202	1.78	0.103	− 0.048	0.452
PA intensity	0.350	1.71	0.115	− 0.100	0.799
Quality	0.159	3.20	0.008	0.050	0.268
Disability	0.288	1.18	0.263	− 0.249	0.824

β regression coefficient, CI confidence interval, PA physical activity, t t-statistic.
^aAge is a continuous variable and the remaining variables are binary data.

ISSN: 1753-2000