Table 3 Multiple logistic regression analysis on stress, sadness and despair, loneliness, and GAD (N = 54,948)

1.779

***

1.632

***

1.76

***

1.581

***

8

Sex (Ref. = Male)

Female

1.700

1.862

1.561

1.707

1.70

1.836

1.517

1.646

3

1.113

***

0.999

1.00

1.071

**

Education level (Ref. = Middle)

High

2

1.063

1.166

0.955

1.046

0.96

1.041

1.027

1.116

4

Academic achievement

Middle

0.989

0.843

***

0.89

***

0.908

***

3

(Ref. = Poor)

0.935

1.046

0.799

0.890

0.85

0.936

0.863

0.954

3

0.901

***

0.770

***

0.94

**

0.937

*

0

High

0.852

0.953

0.729

0.813

0.89

0.984

0.892

0.985

7

College or higher

1.134

**

1.086

*

1.07

*

1.060

3

Fathers’ education

1.055

1.218

1.013

1.164

1.01

1.139

0.995

1.130

1

Level (Ref. = Below high school)

1.094

*

1.037

0.96

1.005

Unknown

1

1.005

1.191

0.956

1.125

0.89

1.031

0.932

1.083

6

Mothers’ education

College or higher

0.975

1.034

1.00

1.019

2

level (Ref. = Below high

0.910

1.045

0.968

1.105

0.94

1.061

0.959

1.083

school)

7

0.979

1.010

0.95

0.928

*

Unknown

3

0.900

1.065

0.933

1.094

0.88

1.020

0.862

0.999

9

0.976

1.012

1.18

***

0.986

Living arrangement (Ref. = With family)

Without family

2

0.877

1.086

0.916

1.117

1.08

1.290

0.899

1.082

4

0.781

***

0.857

***

0.75

***

0.767

***

4

Middle

Economic status (Ref. = Low)

0.721

0.847

0.801

0.917

0.70

0.801

0.721

0.817

9

High

0.704

***

0.937

0.71

***

0.743

***

5

0.647

0.766

0.870

1.009

0.66

0.764

0.693

0.795

9

1.310

***

1.068

*

1.33

***

1.196

***

Really

6

1.245

1.379

1.011

1.128

1.27

1.398

1.137

1.257

7

Economic status changed owing to COVID-19 (Ref. = Not at all)

1.507

***

1.294

***

1.58

***

1.382

***

Changed

5

1.418

1.603

1.218

1.376

1.50

1.669

1.307

1.462

5

1.540

***

1.645

***

1.53

***

1.500

***

6

Critically

1.382

1.715

1.497

1.808

1.40

1.674

1.370

1.641

9

Financial assistance (Ref. = No)

Yes

1.005

1.147

***

1.13

***

1.115

**

3

0.927

1.089

1.068

1.233

1.06

1.208

1.042

1.193

2

2.242

***

1.399

***

1.66

***

1.639

***

Average

6

2.133

2.358

1.320

1.483

1.59

1.743

1.555

1.728

2

Sleep (Ref. = Adequate)

3.197

***

2.132

***

2.20

***

2.759

***

6

Inadequate

3.024

3.381

2.016

2.255

2.10

2.311

2.621

2.905

7

0.945

1.405

***

1.25

***

1.029

6

Smoking (Ref. = No)

Yes

0.872

1.024

1.310

1.507

1.17

1.340

0.961

1.101

6

Drinking (Ref. = No)

Yes

1.148

***

1.396

***

1.37

***

1.166

***

3

1.089

1.210

1.329

1.467

1.31

1.433

1.114

1.221

5

1.510

*

2.216

***

1.39

**

2.056

***

7

Drug use (Ref. = No)

Yes

1.072

2.127

1.742

2.820

1.09

1.781

1.621

2.608

6

1.724

***

1.484

***

1.81

***

2.436

***

Smartphone overdependence (Ref. = No)

Yes

7

1.74

1.627

1.828

1.415

1.556

1

1.897

2.333

2.545

6.233

***

7.080

***

4.95

***

5.227

***

0

Ideation

Suicide (Ref. = Healthy)

5.237

7.417

6.581

7.616

4.52

5.411

4.844

5.640

8

Plan

3.211

***

7.144

***

3.59

***

5.293

***

5

Attempt

2.563

4.022

6.300

8.101

312

4.142

4.641

6.037

1

6.003

***

11.911

***

6.13

***

6.602

***

6

5.09

7.384

5.678

7.676

8