Skip to main content

Table 4 Assessment of hours of recreational screen time and PWBIS by various demographic and socioeconomic variables

From: Change in screen time and overuse, and their association with psychological well-being among US-wide school-age children during the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis of the National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) years 2018–21

 

Screen time

PWB measures

 < 1 h

1 h

2 h

3 h

4 or more

P value

PWBIS1

P value

PWBIS2

P value

Elementary school age (6–10 years)

 Female

10.79%

22.46%

34.38%

17.77%

14.60%

 < 0.0001

0.81

 < 0.0001

44.47%

 < 0.0001

 Male

9.71%

19.35%

33.39%

20.52%

17.03%

0.95

47.90%

 Black or African American

7.84%

14.65%

32.02%

24.09%

21.39%

 < 0.0001

0.81

0.0003

42.28%

 < 0.0001

 Native American or Alaska Native

5.88%

8.45%

45.54%

24.01%

16.12%

 < 0.0001

1.14

 < 0.0001

56.53%

 < 0.0001

 Asian

10.81%

22.16%

28.54%

20.76%

17.73%

 < 0.0001

0.85

0.3460

40.30%

 < 0.0001

 Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander

5.05%

31.77%

34.78%

6.78%

21.62%

 < 0.0001

0.77

0.0669

37.90%

 < 0.0001

 White

11.19%

22.38%

34.06%

18.22%

14.15%

 < 0.0001

0.87

0.4136

46.79%

 < 0.0001

 Some other race alone

7.08%

27.15%

41.30%

15.81%

8.65%

 < 0.0001

0.74

0.0339

44.79%

 < 0.0001

 Two or more races

8.44%

18.07%

35.32%

19.25%

18.91%

 < 0.0001

1.02

 < 0.0001

50.52%

 < 0.0001

 Hispanic or Latino related

7.79%

18.18%

34.58%

21.02%

18.42%

 < 0.0001

0.91

0.0089

48.26%

 < 0.0001

 Otherwise

10.99%

21.74%

33.68%

18.56%

15.02%

0.87

45.54%

 Below median poverty ratio

8.95%

19.62%

33.11%

20.54%

17.77%

 < 0.0001

0.93

 < 0.0001

48.07%

 < 0.0001

 Above median poverty ratio

12.21%

22.87%

35.06%

17.01%

12.85%

0.8

43.32%

Middle school age (11–13 years)

 Female

6.09%

13.65%

30.32%

23.34%

26.60%

 < 0.0001

0.88

 < 0.0001

48.34%

 < 0.0001

 Male

5.84%

10.64%

28.45%

24.64%

30.43%

1.05

50.16%

 Black or African American

5.75%

10.59%

27.40%

21.64%

34.63%

 < 0.0001

0.91

0.0246

46.44%

 < 0.0001

 Native American or Alaska Native

1.19%

14.89%

23.50%

25.19%

35.22%

 < 0.0001

1.12

0.0188

47.15%

 < 0.0001

 Asian

8.65%

13.11%

29.47%

18.92%

29.85%

 < 0.0001

0.77

 < 0.0001

43.63%

 < 0.0001

 Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander

10.47%

10.69%

33.27%

29.31%

16.25%

 < 0.0001

1.03

0.4146

52.09%

 < 0.0001

 White

5.72%

12.61%

30.15%

24.47%

27.06%

 < 0.0001

0.98

0.0555

50.12%

 < 0.0001

 Some other race alone

3.56%

1.18%

40.27%

31.65%

23.35%

 < 0.0001

0.96

0.8617

39.71%

 < 0.0001

 Two or more races

7.20%

12.02%

25.34%

24.03%

31.42%

 < 0.0001

1.02

0.0830

51.41%

 < 0.0001

 Hispanic or latino related

5.34%

10.32%

28.55%

25.47%

30.33%

 < 0.0001

0.98

0.4360

50.28%

 < 0.0001

 Otherwise

6.18%

12.78%

29.68%

23.48%

27.88%

0.96

48.89%

 Below median poverty ratio

6.37%

11.52%

29.03%

24.04%

29.04%

 < 0.0001

1.04

 < 0.0001

51.42%

 < 0.0001

 Above median poverty ratio

5.28%

13.21%

29.98%

23.92%

27.62%

0.85

45.60%

High school age (14–17 years)

 Female

3.69%

8.29%

24.69%

23.16%

40.16%

 < 0.0001

0.99

0.2530

52.31%

 < 0.0001

 Male

3.33%

6.84%

23.66%

25.13%

41.04%

0.98

49.59%

 Black or African American

4.03%

5.29%

21.23%

24.09%

45.36%

 < 0.0001

0.97

0.2984

48.20%

 < 0.0001

 Native American or Alaska Native

2.14%

5.58%

24.61%

23.32%

44.34%

 < 0.0001

1.2

 < 0.0001

57.65%

 < 0.0001

 Asian

4.23%

9.94%

21.51%

21.92%

42.40%

 < 0.0001

0.81

 < 0.0001

46.03%

 < 0.0001

 Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander

3.02%

9.50%

33.23%

11.66%

42.59%

 < 0.0001

0.91

0.1199

49.03%

 < 0.0001

 White

3.28%

7.84%

24.97%

24.79%

39.12%

 < 0.0001

0.98

0.4719

51.24%

 < 0.0001

 Some Other Race Alone

6.57%

13.48%

17.60%

32.26%

30.09%

 < 0.0001

0.76

 < 0.0001

47.04%

 < 0.0001

 Two or more races

3.71%

6.29%

23.50%

22.27%

44.22%

 < 0.0001

1.19

 < 0.0001

56.82%

 < 0.0001

 Hispanic or Latino related

3.68%

7.50%

24.06%

22.21%

42.55%

 < 0.0001

1.04

 < 0.0001

51.55%

 < 0.0001

 Otherwise

3.46%

7.59%

24.21%

24.80%

39.94%

0.97

50.75%

 Below median poverty ratio

4.16%

7.41%

23.84%

23.20%

41.39%

 < 0.0001

1.04

 < 0.0001

52.02%

 < 0.0001

 Above median poverty ratio

2.52%

7.81%

24.68%

25.60%

39.39%

0.9

49.31%

  1. Proportions and chi-square test p-values are shown for distributions for recreational screen time and PWBIS2. The mean and Student’s t-test p-values are shown for PWBIS1. For the race category comparisons, p-values were calculated for each of the races with all the others. The median poverty ratio among all the samples used in this study was found to be 328, which was used as the cut-off to make comparisons between below and above median poverty ratios
Back to article page

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health

ISSN: 1753-2000