Table 5 GLS models 1 and 2 regression results for PWBIS and screen time or addition
PWBIS1 outcome | Effect of screen time | Effect of overuse (i.e. Screen time ≥ 4 h) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||
Covariates | β (95% CI) | P value | β (95% CI) | P value | β (95% CI) | P value | β (95% CI) | P value |
Intercept | 0.340 (0.290, 0.40) | < 0.001 | 0.330 (0.270, 0.390) | < 0.001 | 1.070 (1.030, 1.120) | < 0.001 | 1.050 (1.00, 1.100) | < 0.001 |
Screen time or overuse | 0.320 (0.310, 0.330) | < 0.001 | 0.320 (0.310, 0.330) | < 0.001 | 0.570 (0.550, 0.590) | < 0.001 | 0.570 (0.540, 0.590) | < 0.001 |
Pandemic years (2020–21) | NA | NA | 0.070 (0.040, 0.090) | < 0.001 | NA | NA | 0.080 (0.050, 0.110) | < 0.001 |
Interaction term (Model2): Screen time or overuse × Pandemic years (2020–21) | NA | NA | 0.000 (− 0.030, 0.030) | 0.878 | NA | NA | − 0.01 (− 0.06, 0.030) | 0.626 |
Age | − 3.58E-3 (− 6.59E-3, − 5.77E-4) | 0.019 | − 3.27E−3 (− 6.28E−3, − 2.60E−4) | 0.033 | − 1.47E−3 (− 4.46E−3, 1.52E−3) | 0.336 | − 1.16E−3 (− 4.15E−3, 1.83E-3) | 0.447 |
Sex-male (ref: female) | 0.060 (0.040, 0.080) | < 0.001 | 0.060 (0.040, 0.080) | < 0.001 | 0.070 (0.050, 0.090) | < 0.001 | 0.070 (0.050, 0.090) | < 0.001 |
Black or African American (ref. White) | − 0.200 (− 0.230, − 0.170) | < 0.001 | − 0.200 (− 0.230, − 0.170) | < 0.001 | − 0.200 (− 0.230, − 0.170) | < 0.001 | − 0.200 (− 0.230, − 0.170) | < 0.001 |
Native American or Alaska Native (ref. White) | 0.200 (0.130, 0.280) | < 0.001 | 0.200 (0.130, 0.270) | < 0.001 | 0.200 (0.130, 0.270) | < 0.001 | 0.200 (0.130, 0.270) | < 0.001 |
Asian (ref. White) | − 0.190 (− 0.240, − 0.150) | < 0.001 | − 0.190 (− 0.240, − 0.150) | < 0.001 | − 0.190 (− 0.240, − 0.150) | < 0.001 | − 0.190 (− 0.240, − 0.150) | < 0.001 |
Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (ref. White) | − 0.040 (− 0.110, 0.040) | 0.317 | − 0.050 (− 0.120, 0.030) | 0.219 | − 0.070 (− 0.150, 0.00) | 0.067 | − 0.080 (− 0.160, 0.00) | 0.037 |
Some other race alone (ref. white) | − 0.130 (− 0.210, − 0.050) | 0.002 | − 0.110 (− 0.190, − 0.030) | 0.008 | − 0.120 (− 0.200, − 0.040) | 0.004 | − 0.100 (− 0.180, − 0.020) | 0.019 |
Two or more races (ref. white) | 0.090 (0.060, 0.130) | < 0.001 | 0.09 (0.060, 0.130) | < 0.001 | 0.090 (0.050, 0.130) | < 0.001 | 0.090 (0.050, 0.120) | < 0.001 |
Hispanic or Latino related (ref. otherwise) | − 0.070 (− 0.100, − 0.050) | < 0.001 | − 0.070 (− 0.100, − 0.050) | < 0.001 | − 0.070 (− 0.100, − 0.050) | < 0.001 | − 0.070 (− 0.100, − 0.050) | < 0.001 |
Poverty ratio | − 9.04E−4 (− 9.89E-4, − 8.19E-4) | < 0.001 | − 9.07E−4 (− 9.92E−4, − 8.23E−4) | < 0.001 | − 9.07E−4 (− 9.92E−4, − 8.22E-4) | < 0.001 | − 9.10E− 4 (− 9.95E−4, − 8.25E − 4) | < 0.001 |
Adjusted R squared | 4.78% | 4.82% | 4.76% | 4.81% | ||||