Table 2 Clinical correlates of anxiety and depression symptoms, adjusted OR and 95% CI
aOR (adjusted for age, HbA1c, and diabetes duration) | p | |
|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic data | ||
Female sex | 2.66 (2.21–3.19) | < 0.0001 |
Migration background | 1.46 (1.17–1.81) | 0.0006 |
Age > 15 y vs. ≤15 y | 1.40 (1.16–1.68) | 0.0004 |
Overweight > 90. percentile vs. ≤90 p | 1.40 (1.14–1.71) | 0.0013 |
Diabetes duration > 1 y vs. ≤1 y | 1.18 (0.99–1.42) | 0.073 |
Diabetes duration > 5 y vs. ≤5 y | 1.30 (1.08–1.57) | 0.073 |
Diabetes control | ||
HbA1c > 7.0–9.0% vs. ≤7.0% [> 53–75 mmol/mol] | 1.66 (1.19–2.12) | < 0.0001 |
HbA1c > 9.0% vs. ≤7.0% [> 75 mmol/mol] | 2.58 (1.83–3.64) | < 0.0001 |
Severe hypoglycemia (last 3 months) | 1.59 (0.72–3.50) | 0.250 |
Ketoacidosis (last 3 months) | 0.79 (0.08–7.43) | 0.835 |
MDI | 0.97 (0.81–1.18) | 0.781 |
CSII | 0.95 (0.79–1.15) | 0.625 |
AID | 1.20 (0.87–1.66) | 0.257 |
CGM use | 1.08 (0.86–1.36) | 0.508 |
Comorbidities | ||
Previous/current clinical diagnosis of depression | 3.95 (2.50–6.26) | < 0.0001 |
Previous/current anxiety disorder | 2.20 (1.13–4.29) | 0.020 |
Diagnosis of AD(H)D | 2.81 (1.76–4.47) | < 0.0001 |
Diagnosis of schizophrenia/ borderline/psychosis | 4.24 (2.50–7.19) | < 0.0001 |
Hypothyroidism | 0.81 (0.59–1.11) | 0.196 |
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis | 1.19 (0.86–1.66) | 0.291 |
Thyroid autoantibodies | 1.00 (0.78–1.27) | 0.980 |
Celiac disease | 0.91 (0.63–1.31) | 0.610 |
Self-harm/suicidal ideations | ||
PHQ-9, item9, Score = 1 | 18.37 (11.39–29.62) | < 0.0001 |
PHQ-9, item9, Score > 1 | 41.09 (12.05–140.14) | < 0.0001 |
Lifestyle factors | ||
Smoking | 2.72 (1.41–5.23) | 0.0027 |
Sports participation | 0.65 (0.51–0.82) | 0.0003 |