Fig. 1

Standardized semi-partial r coefficients from associations between adverse life events (ALEs) and psychopathology outcomes. Results presented according to when ALEs occurred and their type. All estimates adjusted for sex, age, national origin, educational level, urbanization of living environment, harsh parenting of primary caregiver and parental psychopathology. Stars represent p-values, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. Broad ALEs consist of hospitalization of the adolescent; serious illness or hospitalization of the mother, father, sibling or close friend; death in the family or outside of family; parental divorce; repeating class; switching school; extended living away from home; physical violence and sexual abuse. Physical ALEs consist of physical violence and sexual abuse only