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Table 3 Means and standard deviations of outcome variables, by martial arts group, kindergarten to third grade sample (n = 8851)

From: Martial arts as a mental health intervention for children? Evidence from the ECLS-K

Group

Grade K Behavior:

mean (sd)

Grade 3 Behavior

mean (sd)

N for Group

Martial arts in K, not 3

3.28(0.46)

3.16 (0.57)

212

Martial arts in 3, not K

3.15 (0.51)

3.12 (0.52)

584

Martial arts both K and 3

3.25 (0.51)

3.17 (0.52)

80

Martial arts Neither

3.26 (0.50)

3.19 (0.52)

7975