Table 1 Long-term outcome for two-parent households.

Mothers

PPQ

M

2.07

2.16

2.14

2.08

2.08

2.08

2.06

1.99

SD

0.37

0.37

0.42

0.41

0.35

0.38

0.38

0.41

ES

-

-0.14

-0.23

-0.02

-

0.02

0.10

0.32

0.16

0.33

0.34

PS

M

3.19

2.85

2.85

2.86

3.28

3.27

3.23

3.22

SD

0.53

0.64

0.65

0.64

0.54

0.46

0.52

0.47

ES

-

0.75

0.78

0.67

-

0.03

0.15

0.18

0.72

0.63

0.49

Mean IGES (parenting)

0.44

0.48

0.41

Internalizing

M

9.1

7.3

6.7

5.1

6.7

6.2

5.1

4.6

SD

6.8

6.0

6.3

5.3

4.4

4.1

3.8

3.4

ES

-

0.44

0.54

0.80

-

0.15

0.41

0.48

0.29

0.13

0.32

Externalizing

M

12.2

9.9

8.9

8.4

10.2

9.3

8.4

8.5

SD

7.7

6.7

6.8

7.8

6.5

6.6

6.3

6.6

ES

-

0.50

0.62

0.62

-

0.20

0.37

0.30

0.30

0.25

0.32

Mean IGES (child behavior)

0.30

0.19

0.32

Mean Total IGES

0.37

0.34

0.37

Fathers

PPQ

M

1.88

1.88

1.88

1.80

1.92

1.95

1.88

1.79

SD

0.41

0.43

0.42

0.42

0.37

0.42

0.47

0.45

ES

-

0.02

0.02

0.19

-

0.08

-0.10

-0.32

- 0.06

0.12

0.51

PS

M

3.19

3.00

3.00

2.93

3.24

3.23

3.15

3.20

SD

0.48

0.54

0.55

0.53

0.40

0.45

0.47

0.49

ES

-

0.26

0.25

0.50

-

0.02

0.21

0.09

0.24

0.04

0.41

Mean IGES (parenting)

0.09

0.07

0.46

Internalizing

M

8.6

6.9

5.9

3.8

7.3

5.8

5.6

3.8

SD

6.0

5.8

5.3

3.9

5.3

4.7

4.4

3.2

ES

-

0.29

0.21

1.04

-

0.30

0.35

-0.32

0.00

-0.14

0.23

Externalizing

M

11.8

10.2

8.7

7.8

10.9

9.3

9.0

7.6

SD

7.2

6.9

6.3

7.1

6.6

7.2

7.1

5.7

ES

-

0.23

0.46

0.56

-

0.23

0.28

0.54

0.00

0.18

0.02

Mean IGES (child behavior)

0.00

0.02

0.13

Mean Total IGES

0.04

0.04

0.29