Long-term outcome of a randomized controlled universal prevention trial through a positive parenting program: is it worth the effort?

Table 3 One year outcome for two- and one parent households

		Intervention Group		Control Group		IGES
Variable		Pre	FU1	Pre	FU1	FU1
Two Parent Households
Behavioral Observation (FOS)
Positive Mother	M	0.18	0.17	0.17	0.17
	SD	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.03
	ES	-	0.35	-	0.39	-0.04
Negative Mother	M	0.003	0.002	0.003	0.003
	SD	0.005	0.003	0.004	0.004
	ES	-	0.04	-	0.06	-0.02
Positive Child	M	0.30	0.32	0.30	0.31
	SD	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.04
	ES	-	-0.34	-	-0.34	0.00
Negative Child	M	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.02
	SD	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.03
	ES	-	0.39	-	0.42	-0.03
Mean IGES						-0.03
Caregiver Teacher Ratings C-TRF
Internalizing	M	6.78	5.06	6.86	4.96
	SD	5.61	5.17	6.04	3.97
	ES	-	0.29	-	0.32	-0.03
Externalizing	M	7.78	6.65	11.30	7.80
	SD	9.01	9.14	10.09	6.21
	ES	-	0.12	-	0.36	-0.24
Mean IGES						-0.14
Single Parent Households
Behavioral Observation (FOS)
Positive Mother	M	0.18	0.16	0.17	0.17
	SD	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.03
	ES	-	0.49	-	0.17	0.32
Negative Mother	M	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003
	SD	0.003	0.005	0.004	0.004
	ES	-	0.03	-	-0.05	-0.02
Positive Child	M	0.29	0.32	0.31	0.32
	SD	0.06	0.03	0.04	0.04
	ES	-	-0.46	-	-0.23	0.23
Negative Child	M	0.04	0.01	0.02	0.02
	SD	0.04	0.02	0.02	0.03
	ES	-	0.65	-	0.11	0.54
Mean IGES						0.27
Caregiver Teacher Ratings C-TRF
Internalizing	M	11.07	9.50	6.77	8.00
	SD	9.26	7.12	7.12	7.40
	ES	-	0.26	-	-0.21	0.47
Externalizing	M	7.78	6.65	11.30	7.80
	SD	9.01	9.14	10.09	6.21
	ES	-	-0.09	-	-0.15	-0.06
Mean IGES						0.22

Note: Based on behavioral observation (Family Observation Schedule FOS; Sanders et al., 2000) and caregiver teacher ratings (TRF; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2000): Means (M), standard deviations (SD), intra group effect sizes (ES), and inter group effect sizes (IGES) for intervention (I) and control group (CG) for pre and 1- year Follow-up (FU). Sample sizes: two parent households: Behavioral Observation FOS: I = 154, CG = 60; Teacher Ratings TRF: I = 102, CG = 44. Sample sizes: single parent households: Behavioral Observation FOS: I = 28, CG = 31; Caregiver Teacher Ratings C-TRF: I = 14, CG = 17.

ISSN: 1753-2000