Table 2 Demographic and Hospital Characteristics, by Age Group and Cohort

Total sample

74,438

785,229

124,407

1,047,445

Age

Mean (SE)

8.74

0.05

8.28

0.02

<.001

14.26

0.04

14.72

0.02

<.001

Gender

Male

58,883

79.10

451,525

57.50

<.001

80,972

65.09

459,199

43.84

<.001

Female

15,426

20.72

315,639

40.20

<.001

43,354

34.85

580,543

55.42

<.001

Missing

129

0.17

18,066

2.30

<.001

81

0.06

7,703

0.74

<.001

Race

White

34,246

46.01

275,189

35.05

<.001

62,186

49.99

470,434

44.91

<.001

Black

11,515

15.47

133,941

17.06

.762

12,088

9.72

110,499

10.55

<.001

Hispanic

5,262

7.07

130,379

16.60

<.001

6,124

4.92

120,415

11.50

<.001

Asian or Pacific Islander

211

0.28

11,179

1.42

<.001

333

0.27

10,477

1.00

<.001

Native American

166

0.22

3,205

0.41

.030

190

0.15

3,909

0.37

<.001

Other

2,445

3.29

27,444

3.50

.280

3,264

2.62

29,546

2.82

.137

Missing

20,593

27.66

203,892

25.97

.408

40,223

32.33

302,164

28.85

.014

Primary expected payer

Medicare

68

0.09

1,108

0.14

.005

217

0.17

1,785

0.17

.004

Medicaid

43,379

58.28

317,705

40.46

<.001

52,562

42.25

352,247

33.63

.582

Private Insurance

26,091

35.05

399,329

50.86

<.001

62,702

50.40

591,369

56.46

.003

Self-pay

1,377

1.85

36,973

4.71

<.001

2,718

2.19

49,774

4.75

<.001

No charge

90

0.12

1,787

0.23

.029

150

0.12

2,523

0.24

.001

Other

3,250

4.37

26,700

3.40

.202

5,597

4.50

47,095

4.50

.006

Missing

184

0.25

1,627

0.21

.556

459

0.37

2,652

0.25

.234

Admission source

Emergency room

28,408

38.16

465,108

59.23

<.001

52,763

42.41

570,497

54.47

.006

Another hospital

3,533

4.75

32,481

4.14

.004

8,057

6.48

61,063

5.83

<.001

Another facility

1,658

2.23

7,966

1.01

.002

3,164

2.54

19,516

1.86

<.001

Other

39,427

52.97

268,892

34.24

<.001

58,447

46.98

379,490

36.23

<.001

Missing

1,411

1.90

10,783

1.37

.213

1,975

1.59

16,879

1.61

.935

Admission type

Emergency

32,191

43.25

409,196

52.11

.803

58,861

47.31

547,153

52.24

<.001

Urgent

24,817

33.34

171,006

21.78

<.001

40,116

32.25

266,490

25.44

.001

Elective

15,205

20.43

102,489

13.05

.519

20,149

16.20

129,372

12.35

<.001

Newborn

176

0.24

938

0.12

.212

355

0.29

1,581

0.15

.170

Other

5

0.01

5

0.00

.120

283

0.23

2,342

0.22

.480

Missing

2,044

2.75

101,595

12.94

<.001

4,642

3.73

100,507

9.60

<.001

Discharge disposition

Routine

70,073

94.14

757,615

96.48

.001

112,805

90.67

966,177

92.24

<.001

Short-term hospital

625

0.84

9,712

1.24

.004

1,557

1.25

12,663

1.21

.625

Skilled-nursing facility

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

Intermediate care facility

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

Another facility

2,685

3.61

6,177

0.79

<.001

8,287

6.66

48,417

4.62

<.001

Home health care

303

0.41

9,458

1.20

<.001

531

0.43

9,232

0.88

<.001

Other

500

0.67

1,434

0.18

<.001

817

0.66

8,025

0.77

.001

Died

9

0.01

474

0.06

<.001

10

0.01

333

0.03

<.001

Missing

243

0.33

360

0.05

.017

399

0.32

2,597

0.25

.021

Geographic region

Northeast

14,964

20.10

173,830

22.14

.504

25,529

20.52

233,768

22.32

.232

Midwest

23,426

31.47

163,678

20.84

<.001

45,597

36.65

291,401

27.82

<.001

South

30,752

41.31

292,322

37.23

.099

43,141

34.68

352,187

33.62

.068

West

5,296

7.11

155,398

19.79

<.001

10,139

8.15

170,089

16.24

<.001

Location

Rural

4,755

6.39

103,181

13.14

.001

9,136

7.34

109,287

10.43

.001

Urban

69,659

93.58

681,728

86.82

.001

115,262

92.65

937,891

89.54

.001

Missing

24

0.03

320

0.04

.590

9

0.01

267

0.03

<.001

Hospital status

Non-teaching

28,644

38.48

341,740

43.52

.835

56,389

45.33

497,552

47.50

.350

Teaching

45,770

61.49

443,170

56.44

.832

68,009

54.67

549,626

52.47

.341

Missing

24

0.03

320

0.04

.590

9

0.01

267

0.03

<.001

Hospital bed size

Small

7,762

10.43

115,576

14.72

.017

12,186

9.80

112,938

10.78

.182

Medium

19,594

26.32

220,380

28.07

.307

28,910

23.24

273,046

26.07

.010

Large

47,058

63.22

448,953

57.17

.017

83,302

66.96

661,195

63.12

.024

Missing

24

0.03

320

0.04

.590

9

0.01

267

0.03

<.001

Year discharged

2000

9,041

12.15

109,581

13.96

.016

13,682

11.00

149,628

14.29

<.001

2001

11,574

15.55

107,463

13.69

.909

17,029

13.69

160,922

15.36

.278

2002

9,100

12.22

107,554

13.70

.206

14,294

11.49

137,383

13.12

.041

2003

11,281

15.16

117,210

14.93

.798

22,485

18.07

163,676

15.63

.065

2004

11,770

15.81

109,515

13.95

.059

19,330

15.54

152,801

14.59

.095

2005

11,917

16.01

127,419

16.23

.512

19,700

15.83

149,631

14.29

.103

2006

9,755

13.10

106,487

13.56

.402

17,887

14.38

133,405

12.74

.022