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Table 1 Continuous risk variables by SES and ethnic subgroups

From: Correlates of self-reported offending in children with a first police contact from distinct socio-demographic and ethnic groups

 

moderate to high SES Dutch

n = 70

low SES Dutch

n = 55

low SES non-Western

n = 105

All

N = 230

Test

Post hoc

 

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

F(df), p

 

Level of offending

          

   Number of reported offenses (ln)

.54

.32

.51

.38

.54

.36

.53

.35

-

 

Child characteristics

          

   Age onset first offense

10.92

1.22

11.10

1.21

10.75

1.12

10.88

1.17

-

 

Child report

          

   Emotional problem scale

2.22

1.72

2.89

2.15

2.85

2.33

2.67

2.14

-

 

   Behavioral problem scale

2.77

1.70

3.23

1.61

2.69

2.01

2.84

1.84

-

 

   Hyperactivity scale

4.85

2.52

4.91

1.90

3.73

2.50

4.34

2.43

9.368(2), .000

b, c

   Poor relationship with peers

1.86

1.48

2.94

2.02

2.48

1.89

2.41

1.85

4.675(2), .010

a, b

   Proactive aggression (ln)

1.10

.71

1.28

.75

1.18

.80

1.18

.76

-

 

   Reactive aggression

8.56

3.60

9.75

4.06

8.91

4.48

9.01

4.15

-

 

   Affiliation delinquent peers (ln)

2.18

.16

2.29

.20

2.19

.22

2.21

.20

4.143(2), .017

a, c

   Sensation seeking

18.92

5.70

19.06

4.85

17.00

5.87

18.06

5.65

5.974(2), .003

b, c

Parent report

          

   Emotional problem scale

2.01

2.11

2.38

2.30

2.68

2.29

2.41

2.24

-

 

   Behavioral problem scale

2.13

2.47

2.35

2.07

2.46

2.35

2.33

2.32

-

 

   Hyperactivity scale

4.36

3.24

4.85

2.89

3.80

2.51

4.24

2.87

4.733(2), .010

c

   Poor relationship with peers

1.47

1.80

2.04

2.15

2.24

1.79

1.94

1.91

2.558(2), .080

 

Family characteristics

          

   Low positive parenting

7.43

4.24

8.40

4.32

7.12

4.54

7.52

4.41

-

 

   Low parental control

4.80

2.88

5.36

3.57

3.89

3.09

4.51

3.19

4.519(2), .012

b

  1. Note. (ln) Transformed using natural logarithm to meet criteria of normal distribution
  2. a. post-hoc difference between moderate to high SES Dutch and low SES Dutch
  3. b. post-hoc difference between moderate to high SES Dutch and low SES non-Western
  4. c. post-hoc difference between low SES Dutch and low SES non-Western.