Table 1 Descriptives and mean scores (SD) on the mother-son relationship characteristics for each subsample

Affection Expression

38.75^a (7.57)

36.38^b (10.30)

35.90^b,c (8.84)

40.47^a (8.27)

45

(9 - 54)

-.570

.127

Discipline

14.67^a (5.16)

18.36^b (7.65)

17.14^b

(6.30)

21.41^c

(7.97)

25

(5 - 30)

-.044

-.909

Monitoring

19.82^a (2.22)

18.20^b,c (4.28)

17.58^c (3.90)

19.07^a,b (5.42)

18

(6 - 24)

-.967

1.242

Conflicts issues outside home

14.56^a (4.66)

15.13^a (6.44)

17.49^b (6.26)

17.56^b (7.77)

28

(7 - 35)

.701

.169

Conflicts in-home issues

13.72^a (3.82)

11.59^b (4.62)

12.89^a,c (4.11)

8.94^d (4.01)

24

(6 - 30)

.575

.105