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Table 2 Social and emotional difficulties and SDQ items for subjects with ADHD

From: Social and emotional difficulties in children with ADHD and the impact on school attendance and healthcare utilization

 

Missed School Days (>2 weeks)

ER Visits (≥2 visits)

HCP Visits (≥6 visits)

All ADHD Subjects

8.4%

11.1%

30.9%

Social and Emotional Difficulties

Yes (%)

No (%)

OR [95% CI]

Yes (%)

No (%)

OR [95% CI]

Yes (%)

No (%)

OR [95% CI]

 Anxiety/stress in past 12 months

14.2

5.7

3.4 [2.2, 5.1]

17.4

8.2

2.1 [1.2, 3.6]

51.9

21.4

2.9 [2.0, 4.4]

 Depression in past 12 months

25.7

4.8

10.1 [5.7, 17.8]

26.5

7.8

3.5 [2.0, 6.4]

72.3

22.5

7.4 [4.3, 12.7]

 Phobias/fears in past 12 months

33.0

6.5

10.4 [4.2, 26.2]

22.6

10.2

2.4 [1.0, 5.4]

53.2

29.2

3.0 [1.3, 7.2]

Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire*

Yes (%)

No (%)

OR [95% CI]

Yes (%)

No (%)

OR [95% CI]

Yes (%)

No (%)

OR [95% CI]

 SDQ 1 - Not well behaved

22.4

7.5

5.5 [2.2, 13.8]

30.3

9.5

5.2 [2.0, 13.5]

37.4

30.6

1.4 [0.7, 2.9]

 SDQ 2 - Often seems worried

13.4

4.1

3.2 [2.1, 4.8]

16.7

5.7

2.6 [1.4, 4.7]

42.0

21.3

2.2 [1.5, 3.1]

 SDQ 3 - Unhappy/depressed

17.0

5.3

3.9 [2.3, 6.4]

19.9

7.6

2.2 [1.3, 3.8]

52.5

23.3

2.6 [1.7, 3.8]

 SDQ 4 - Gets along better with adults than children

7.6

9.2

0.7 [0.4, 1.3]

9.9

11.7

0.9 [0.5, 1.6]

29.4

32.1

1.0 [0.6, 1.5]

 SDQ 5 - Doesn’t have good attention

12.1

5.7

2.9 [1.8, 4.6]

15.4

7.4

2.5 [1.6, 4.1]

37.9

25.5

1.5 [1.0, 2.4]

 SDQ 6 - Difficulties w/emot/conc/beh/ getting along

16.2

4.8

4.4 [2.8, 6.9]

20.2

6.5

3.0 [1.8, 5.0]

54.6

19.4

3.8 [2.6, 5.4]

  1. Note: Interaction effects were significant for ADHD status and SDQ item 4 for missed school days (P=0.0490), ADHD status and SDQ item 1 for ER visits (P=0.0060), and ADHD status and SDQ item 2 for ER visits (P=0.0420).
  2. * SDQ 1: He/she is generally well behaved, usually does what adults request; SDQ 2: He/she has many worries, or often seems worried; SDQ 3: He/she is often unhappy, depressed, or tearful; SDQ 4: He/she gets along better with adults that with other children/youth; SDQ 5: He/she has good attention span, sees chores or homework through to the end; SDQ 6: Overall, do you think that [name] has difficulties in any of the following areas: emotions, concentration, behavior, or being able to get along with other people?