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Table 8 Changes in social goals from the initial to last measurement in relation to changes in mental health and behavior problems (CBCL total problems)

From: Assessing change in the behavior of children and adolescents in youth welfare institutions using goal attainment scaling

N = 329

T < 60 → T < 60 (N = 80)#

T ≥ 60 → T < 60 (N = 71)

T < 60 → T ≥ 60 (N = 31)

T ≥ 60 → T ≥ 60 (N = 147)

F

df

p

Effect size

Independence

0.33

0.72

0.32

0.61

1.66

3/325

.1750

0.12

Future perspective

0.00

1.23

−0.48

0.29

10.78*

3/325

<.0001

0.32

Conflict management

0.36

1.23

−0.06

0.59

8.76*

3/325

<.0001

0.28

Ability to criticize / take criticism

0.08

1.01

−0.29

0.50

8.33*

3/325

<.0001

0.28

Reliability / rule compliance

0.00

0.77

−0.23

0.10

6.19*

3/325

.0004

0.24

Behavior at school / vocational training

0.08

0.63

−0.29

0.44

2.73

3/325

.0439

0.16

Integration into (peer)groups / friendship

0.44

1.01

0.16

0.47

3.76

3/325

.0111

0.19

Ability to communicate

0.26

0.73

−0.06

0.40

3.56

3/325

.0147

0.18

Total score

0.19

0.92

−0.12

0.43

12.27*

3/325

<.0001

0.34

  1. CBCL = Child Behavior Checklist/4-18; effect size = Cohen’s f: 0.1-0.25 small effect, 0.25-0.4 medium effect; p-level (adjusted) for 9 ANOVAs: *p = .01 → p = .0011; # For further explanations regarding group definition, see section Statistical analyses.