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Table 3 Descriptive statistics on regulation problems (T1 and T2), HBS overall stress (T1), maternal stress levels and dysfunctionality of the mother-child interaction (T1) and on children`s developmental levels (T1, T3)

From: Influence of early regulatory problems in infants on their development at 12 months: a longitudinal study in a high-risk sample

 

M (SD)

Range

N

K-S-Test

SFS C/S T1

1.56 (0.30)

1.00 - 2.50

153

n.s.

SFS F T1

1.23 (0.29)

1.00 – 2.69

153

p < 0.000

SFS C/S T2

1.54 (0.32)

1.04 - 2.75

140

p < 0.002

SFS F T2

1.28 (0.32)

1.00 – 2.46

140

p < 0.000

HBS O T1

49.53 (15.00)

10 - 90

150

p < 0.000

PSI PD T1

2.28 (0.76)

1.00 – 4.58

127

n.s.

PSI DI T1

1.40 (0.43)

1.00 – 3.33

126

p < 0.000

ASQ C T1

51.40

20 - 60

153

p < 0.000

ASQ GM T1

55.98

20 - 60

153

p < 0.000

ASQ FM T1

47.58

15 - 60

153

p < 0.000

ASQ PS T1

53.31

15 - 60

151

p < 0.000

ASQ SD T1

50.49

15 - 60

152

p < 0.000

ASQ C T3

44.84 (10.63)

20 - 60

123

p < 0.004

ASQ GM T3

46.84 (15.78)

5 - 60

122

p < 0.000

ASQ FM T3

49.71 (10.49)

10 - 60

122

p < 0.000

ASQ PS T3

47.17 (10.53)

15 - 60

120

p < 0.003

ASQ SD T3

43.90 (13.44)

10 - 60

123

p < 0.006

  1. K-S-Test: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test of normal distribution; SFS: Questionnaires on Crying, Feeding and Sleep; C/S: “Crying / Sleep”; F: “Feeding”; HBS: Heidelberger Belastungsskala; O: Overall stress; PSI: Parental Stress Index; PD : “Parental distress“; DI: “Dysfunctional parent–child interaction”; ASQ: Ages and Stages Questionnaire¸ C : “Communication”; GM: “Gross motor skills”; FM: “Fine motor skills”; PS: “Problem-solving skills”; SD: “Social development”; n.s.: not significant.