Resource factors for mental health resilience in early childhood: An analysis with multiple methodologies

Table 6 MANCOVA results: resource variable means (and SDs) for the four adaptation groups, between-subjects effects, and planned contrasts

Resource variable	1. Resilient (high adv+ low SDQ)	2. Maladaptive (high adv+ high SDQ)	3. Competent (low adv+ low SDQ)	4. Highly-vulnerable (low adv+ high SDQ)	Between-subjects effects		Planned contrasts
					F	Partial η ²
Parent-reported adaptation groups (n = 237)
	(n = 39)	(n = 79)	(n = 72)	(n = 47)	df = 3, 233
P Child–parent relationship^a	68.23 (5.80)	62.70 (6.61)	68.84 (4.67)	63.40 (6.37)	45.42***	.19	1 > 2; 1 = 3; 3 > 4
T Child-teacher relationship^a	68.36 (7.14)	66.53 (8.64)	70.03 (5.51)	66.38 (9.41)	7.48*	.04	1 = 2; 1 = 3; 3 = 4
P Self-concept	0.39 (0.76)	−0.46 (0.94)	0.44 (0.71)	−0.39 (0.83)	21.31***	.22	1 > 2; 1 = 3; 3 > 4
P Self-control	22.23 (4.08)	19.09 (4.15)	22.19 (3.52)	19.13 (4.37)	11.84***	.13	1 > 2; 1 = 3; 3 > 4
Teacher-reported adaptation groups (n = 234)
	(n = 50)	(n = 71)	(n = 65)	(n = 48)	df = 3, 230
P Child–parent relationship	65.16 (7.05)	64.44 (7.04)	67.61 (5.55)	64.78 (6.95)	3.04*	.04	1 = 2; 1 = 3; 3 = 4
T Child-teacher relationship^a	68.10 (5.79)	65.70 (9.80)	69.65 (5.30)	66.13 (10.21)	4.45	.04	n/a
T Self-concept^a	−0.01 (0.87)	−0.60 (1.09)	0.27 (0.66)	−0.07 (1.07)	23.51***	.12	1 > 2; 1 = 3; 3 = 4
T Self-control^a	24.77 (4.62)	20.90 (5.56)	24.85 (4.71)	22.63 (6.85)	20.43***	.09	1 > 2; 1 = 3; 3 = 4

Note. These results adjust for the covariate gender (not shown for ease of presentation). For the three planned contrasts, all significant group differences found were at p < .05. Numbers within the planned contrasts column refer to adaptation group shown in the mean scores column headings. P = parent-reported variable; T = teacher-reported variable; adv = adversity; SDQ = total SDQ mental health difficulties score; n/a = planned contrasts not conducted as no significant univariate group differences.
^a Non-parametric tests used (Kruskal-Wallis Test for between-subjects, Mann–Whitney Test for paired comparisons) due to unequal variances across groups. In these cases, a χ2 value is reported instead of an F value.

ISSN: 1753-2000