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Table 2 Prevalence of childhood (<10 Years of Age), adolescence (≥10 Years of Age), and lifetime catatonic features among adolescent Schizophrenia patients with (n = 8) and without (n =10) a History of ChildhoodPervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD)

From: Catatonic features in adolescents with schizophrenia with and without a comorbid pervasive developmental disorder

 

Childhood

Adolescence

Lifetime

Feature

PDD+

PDD-

p

Phi

PDD+

PDD-

p

Phi

PDD+

PDD-

p

Phi

Movement

            

Odd gait

62.5%

20.0%

NS

 

37.5%

20.0%

NS

 

62.5%

30.0%

NS

 

Poor coordination

37.5%

10.0%

NS

 

37.5%

50.0%

NS

 

37.5%

50.0%

NS

 

Odd hand postures

0.0%

0.0%

NS

 

12.5%

10.0%

NS

 

12.5%

10.0%

NS

 

Runs in circles

0.0%

0.0%

NS

 

0.0%

0.0%

NS

 

0.0%

0.0%

NS

 

Rocks while sitting

25.0%

0.0%

NS

 

37.5%

40.0%

NS

 

50.0%

40.0%

NS

 

Complex body movements

0.0%

0.0%

NS

 

25.0%

20.0%

NS

 

25.0%

20.0%

NS

 

Walks on tiptoe

12.5%

10.0%

NS

 

12.5%

0.0%

NS

 

12.5%

10.0%

NS

 

Grimaces

12.5%

10.0%

NS

 

50.0%

0.0%

0.02

0.60

50.0%

10.0%

NS

 

Lacks facial expression

50.0%

0.0%

0.02

0.60

87.5%

100.0%

NS

 

87.5%

100.0%

NS

 

Speech and vocalization

            

Immediate echolalia

25.0%

0.0%

NS

 

0.0%

0.0%

NS

 

25.0%

0.0%

NS

 

Delayed echolalia

62.5%

0.0%

0.007

0.69

37.5%

20.0%

NS

 

75.0%

20.0%

NS

 

Odd intonation

50.0%

0.0%

0.02

0.60

75.0%

80.0%

NS

 

75.0%

80.0%

NS

 

Shrieks for no reason

12.5%

0.0%

NS

 

37.5%

0.0%

NS

 

37.5%

0.0%

NS

 

Laughs for no reason

12.5%

0.0%

NS

 

50.0%

40.0%

NS

 

50.0%

40.0%

NS

 

Behavior

            

Eye contact

            

Poor eye contact

50.0%

10.0%

NS

 

87.5%

70.0%

NS

 

87.5%

70.0%

NS

 

Sideways glances

12.5%

10.0%

NS

 

25.0%

30.0%

NS

 

25.0%

30.0%

NS

 

Blank look in eyes

25.0%

0.0%

NS

 

37.5%

60.0%

NS

 

50.0%

60.0%

NS

 

Stares

25.0%

10.0%

NS

 

37.5%

40.0%

NS

 

37.5%

40.0%

NS

 

Visual fascinations

            

Spins objects

0.0%

0.0%

NS

 

0.0%

0.0%

NS

 

0.0%

0.0%

NS

 

Twists hands near eyes

0.0%

0.0%

NS

 

0.0%

0.0%

NS

 

0.0%

0.0%

NS

 

Closely inspects objects from different angles

0.0%

0.0%

NS

 

0.0%

0.0%

NS

 

0.0%

0.0%

NS

 

Unsocial behavior

            

Shouts for no reason

37.5%

20.0%

NS

 

50.0%

40.0%

NS

 

50.0%

40.0%

NS

 

Aggressive for no reason

12.5%

10.0%

NS

 

37.5%

50.0%

NS

 

37.5%

50.0%

NS

 

Lack of cooperation

62.5%

30.0%

NS

 

62.5%

90.0%

NS

 

75.0%

90.0%

NS

 

Destructive

62.5%

10.0%

0.04

0.55

37.5%

40.0%

NS

 

75.0%

40.0%

NS

 

Strips in public

50.0%

10.0%

0.02

0.60

50.0%

20.0%

NS

 

50.0%

25.0%

NS

 

Inappropriate personal habits

12.5%

0.0%

NS

 

12.5%

0.0%

NS

 

12.5%

0.0%

NS

 

Hyperactive

12.5%

0.0%

NS

 

0.0%

30.0%

NS

 

12.5%

30.0%

NS

 
  1. The Fishers’ Exact Test Was Used to Compare the Groups. Effect Sizes (Phi) Are Reported.