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Table 1 A summary of study characteristics
| Source | Population | No. of participants | Age rangea | Intervention | Delivery | Parental/caregiver involvement | Comparison | Outcome measures | SMD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chalfant et al., 2007 [30] | Children with HFAD or Asperger disorder and a primary anxiety disorder. | 47 (35 male, 12 female) | 8-13 years (mean 10.8, SD 1.35) | CBT (n = 28) | Group sessions (6-8 children/group). | - | WL/TAU (n = 19) | SCAS-P | 4.27 |
| SCAS-C | 2.64 | ||||||||
| McConachie et al., 2013 [37] | Children with ASD and at least one anxiety disorder. | 32 (28 male, 4 female) | 9-13 years and 11 months | CBT (n = 17) | Group sessions (no./group not reported). | Separate parallel groups for parents. | WL/TAU (n = 15) | ADIS-C | 0.43 |
| SCAS-P | 0.20 | ||||||||
| SCAS-C | 0.04 | ||||||||
| McNally Keehn et al., 2013 [38] | Children with an ASD and at least one primary anxiety disorder of SAD, GAD or SoP. | 22 (21 male, 1 female) | 8-14 years (mean 11.26, SD 1.53) | CBT (n = 12) | Individual sessions. | - | WL/TAU (n = 10) | ADIS-P | 1.35 |
| SCAS-P | 0.91 | ||||||||
| SCAS-C | 0.47 | ||||||||
| Reaven et al., 2012 [39] | Children with ASD and clinically significant anxiety symptoms. | 50 (48 male, 2 female) | 7-14 years (mean 10.4 years, SD 1.7) | CBT (n = 24) | Children only group sessions (3-6 children/ group), parent and children sessions, parent-child dyad sessions. | Parent and children group sessions, parent only and child only group sessions, parent-child dyad sessions. | WL/TAU (n = 26) | ADIS-P | 0.60 |
| Schohl et al., 2013 [43] | Adolescents with ASD and social problems. | 63 (47 male, 11 female, 5 not specified) | 11-16 years (mean 13.65 years, SD 1.50) | Social skills intervention (n = 34) | Group sessions (≤10 adolescents per group). | Separate parallel groups for parents. | WL/TAU (n = 29) | SIAS | 0.16 |
| Sofronoff et al., 2005 [32] | Children with AS and anxiety symptoms. | 71 (62 male, 9 female) | 10-12 years | CBT Child only (n = 23). CBT Child + parent (n = 25) | Group sessions (3 children/ group, allocated by age and sex, with girls grouped together) | Separate parallel groups for parents (12-13 parents/group) | WL/TAU (n = 23) | SCAS-P | 0.09 |
| Storch et al., 2013 [29] | Children with ASD and a primary diagnosis of SAD, GAD or OCD. | 45 (36 male, 9 female) | 7-11 years | CBT (n = 24) | Individual sessions. | Separate parallel parent sessions +/- parental involvement in child-focused components. | WL/TAU (n = 21) | PARS | 1.38 |
| MASC | 0.48 | ||||||||
| RCMAS | 0.26 | ||||||||
| Sung et al., 2011 [40] | Children and adolescents with ASD and anxiety-related issues. | 70 (66 male, 4 female) | 9-16 years | CBT (n = 36) | Group sessions (3-4 participants/ group). | - | Social recreational group program (n = 34). | SCAS-C | 0.07 |
| White et al., 2013 [41] | Children with ASD and at least one of SoP, GAD, SP, or SAD. | 30 (23 male, 7 female) | 12-17 years (mean 14.58, SD 15 years) | CBT (n = 15) | Individual and group sessions (no./group not reported). | Parent education and coaching. | WL/TAU (n = 15) | PARS | 0.32 |
| CASI Anx | 0.37 | ||||||||
| Wood et al., 2009 [42] | Children with ASD and SAD, SoP or OCD. | 40 (27 male, 13 female) | 7–11 years, mean 9.20, SD 1.49 | CBT (n =17) | Individual sessions. | 60 min of each session spent with parents/family. | WL/TAU (n = 23) | ADIS-C/P | 2.47 |
| MASC-P | 1.21 | ||||||||
| MASC-C | -0.03 |
