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Table 5 Mean scores for PPAP and WC groups on SDQ, PSI, and KPSS scales across Time 1 and Time 2 (standard deviations in parentheses)

From: Positive parenting: a randomised controlled trial evaluation of the Parents Plus Adolescent Programme in schools

Scale

PPAP group (n = 70)

WC group (n = 39)

Time 1

Time 2

Time 1

Time 2

SDQ

 TD

11.97 (5.96)

5.70 (4.13)

10.82 (6.78)

10.92 (6.80)

 HYP

3.33 (2.28)

2.86 (1.84)

3.79 (2.76)

3.90 (2.69)

 CON

2.30 (1.61)

0.886 (1.09)

2.49 (2.01)

2.38 (2.16)

 EMO

3.93 (2.41)

0.986 (1.62)

2.5 (2.10)

2.56 (1.94)

 PEER

2.41 (2.26)

0.971 (1.44)

1.97 (2.07)

2.08 (1.91)

 PRO

6.90 (2.53)

8.33 (1.63)

7.21 (1.94)

7.38 (1.94)

PSI

 PSI total

77.97 (14.69)

65.87 (14.39)

84.10 (18.13)

83.95 (19.44)

 PD

28.17 (7.65)

21.59 (6.36)

29.46 (7.57)

28.97 (8.45)

 DC

30.71 (7.66)

23.21 (6.25)

28.95 (7.71)

29.41 (7.96)

 PSI-P-CDI

26.16 (6.34)

21.07 (5.01)

25.23 (6.85)

25.56 (6.84)

KPSS

 KPSS total

14.23 (16.89)

16.89 (2.36)

13.72 (2.88)

13.62 (3.08)

Parent-Defined Goals

 PDCG

3.97 (1.54)

6.53 (1.42)

4.31 (1.62)

4.15 (1.66)

 PDPG

3.63 (1.48)

6.93 (1.38)

3.90 (1.60)

3.87 (1.66)

  1. SDQ Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, TD Total Difficulties, EMOT Emotional Symptoms, HYPER Hyperactivity, CON Conduct Problems, PEER Peer Problems, PRO prosocial behavior, PSI Parenting Stress Index, PSI total total stress, PD parental distress, DC Difficult Child, P-CDI Parent–Child dysfunctional interaction, KPSS Kansas Parenting Satisfaction Scale, KPSS total KPSS total parenting satisfaction, PDCG Parent-Defined Child Goals, PDPG Parent-Defined Personal Goals