Mental health problems in male young offenders in custodial versus community based-programs: implications for juvenile justice interventions

Table 2 Frequency of the diagnostic categories by groups

	Youth in juvenile facilities			Youth in community-based programs			χ ² statistics		Odds-ratio statistics
	Count	Expected	Percentage	Count	Expected	Percentage	χ ²	p	Odds-ratio	95 % CI	z	p
Disruptive disorders	97	94.5	79.5	71	73.5	74.7	0.69	0.40	1.31	0.069; 2.48	0.83	0.41
Substance-related disorders	48	38.2	39.3	20	29.8	21.1	8.31	0.004	2.85	1.32; 4.88	2.85	0.004
Anxiety disorders	17	24.7	13.9	27	19.3	28.4	6.93	0.008	2.45	1.24; 4.84	2.59	0.009
Mood disorders	13	18.6	10.7	20	14.4	21.1	4.48	0.034	2.24	1.05; 4.79	2.08	0.037
Tic disorders	1	2.2	0.8	3	1.8	3.2	1.61	0.20	0.25	0.03; 2.48	1.18	0.24

Results are presented only for the presence of psychopathology within each diagnostic category. Disruptive disorders includes attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional/defiant disorder, and conduct disorder. Substance-related disorders includes alcohol dependence/abuse, and substance (non-alcohol) dependence/abuse. anxiety disorders includes panic disorder, agoraphobia, separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Tic disorders includes motor tic disorder, vocal tic disorder, and transient Tic disorder. Mood disorders includes major depression disorder, major recurrent depression disorder, and bipolar disorders
Count observed count, expected expected count, CI confidence interval

ISSN: 1753-2000