Number of restraint episodes | N | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2–4 | 5–9 | ≥10 | ||
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||
Total sample (patients) | 97 (36) | 88 (33) | 35 (13) | 47 (18) | 267 |
Gender | |||||
Female | 59 (37) | 49 (31) | 17 (11) | 33 (21) | 158 |
Male | 38 (35) | 39 (36) | 18 (17) | 14 (13) | 109 |
Social characteristics | |||||
Immigrant background | |||||
Yes | 11 (31) | 15 (43) | 4 (11) | 5 (14) | 35 |
No | 79 (37) | 69 (32) | 27 (13) | 38 (18) | 213 |
Missing | 7 (37) | 4 (21) | 4 (21) | 4 (21) | 19 |
Living arrangement | |||||
With both parents | 32 (37) | 26 (30) | 8 (9) | 21 (24) | 87 |
With one parent (with or without stepparent) | 26 (41) | 23 (37) | 9 (14) | 5 (8) | 63 |
Foster care or institution | 36 (34) | 36 (34) | 16 (15) | 19 (18) | 107 |
Other | 1 (14) | 3 (43) | 1 (14) | 2 (29) | 7 |
Missing | 2 (67) | 0 (0) | 1 (33) | 0 (0) | 3 |
Current involvement with the child protection service | |||||
Yes | 40 (33) | 43 (35) | 19 (15) | 21 (17) | 123 |
No | 37 (35) | 33 (31) | 12 (11) | 23 (22) | 105 |
Missing | 20 (51) | 12 (31) | 4 (10) | 3 (8) | 39 |
Mental health characteristics | |||||
Main psychiatric disorder (Axis One onlya) | |||||
No Axis One disorder | 23 (58) | 9 (22) | 5 (13) | 3 (8) | 40 |
Psychotic or pervasive developmental disorder | 19 (50) | 9 (24) | 2 (5) | 8 (21) | 38 |
Manic episode or bipolar affective disorder | 4 (21) | 7 (37) | 5 (26) | 3 (16) | 19 |
Internalizing disorder | 28 (29) | 33 (35) | 15 (15) | 19 (20) | 95 |
Externalizing disorder | 23 (31) | 30 (40) | 8 (11) | 14 (19) | 75 |
CGASb | |||||
1–34 | 15 (23) | 24 (37) | 8 (12) | 18 (28) | 65 |
35–44 | 23 (37) | 22 (35) | 8 (13) | 9 (15) | 62 |
45–75 | 30 (43) | 19 (27) | 8 (11) | 13 (19) | 70 |
Missing | 29 (41) | 23 (33) | 11 (16) | 7 (10) | 70 |
Treatment characteristics | |||||
Number of admissions in the study period | |||||
1 | 46 (46) | 39 (39) | 8 (8) | 8 (8) | 101 |
2–3 | 27 (31) | 30 (34) | 15 (17) | 15 (17) | 87 |
4–19 | 24 (30) | 19 (24) | 12 (15) | 24 (30) | 79 |
Length of admission (days) | |||||
0–4 | 41 (52) | 23 (29) | 8 (10) | 7 (9) | 79 |
5–21 | 31 (30) | 38 (37) | 18 (17) | 17 (16) | 104 |
22–425 | 25 (30) | 27 (32) | 9 (11) | 23 (27) | 84 |
Involuntary referral | |||||
Yes | 28 (27) | 30 (29) | 17 (16) | 29 (28) | 104 |
No | 66 (42) | 54 (35) | 18 (12) | 18 (12) | 156 |
Missing | 3 (43) | 4 (57) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 7 |
Concomitant use of restraint | |||||
Yes | 3 (17) | 5 (28) | 2 (11) | 8 (44) | 18 |
No | 94 (38) | 83 (33) | 33 (13) | 39 (16) | 249 |