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Table 2 Mean (standard deviations) of characteristics of non-clinical adolescents (NC), clinical controls without NSSI (CC), adolescents with NSSI disorder (NSSI), and adolescents with NSSI and BPD (NSSI + BPD), as well as ANOVA with orthogonal contrasts and effect sizes (Cohen’s d) between non-clinical and clinical groups (NC vs. rest), clinical controls and NSSI (CC vs. NSSI and NSSI + BPD), and NSSI disorder vs. Borderline personality disorder (NSSI vs. NSSI + BPD)

From: Temperament and character traits in female adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury disorder with and without comorbid borderline personality disorder

Characteristic

NC

CC

NSSI

NSSI + BPD

NC vs. rest

Cohen’s

CC vs.

Cohen’s

NSSI vs.

Cohen’s

M (SD)

M (SD)

M (SD)

M (SD)

 

d

NSSI total

d

NSSI + BPD

d

YSR

(n = 57)

(n = 28)

(n = 47)

(n = 11)

t (139)

 

t (139)

 

t (139)

 

Total

57.60 (18.70)

81.80 (21.60)

105.38 (29.97)

134.28 (22.40)

12.56**

2.22

7.04**

1.55

4.03**

1.02

YSR exta

9.79 (6.56)

12.38 (6.45)

17.47 (9.15)

30.76 (7.82)

6.77**

1.43

4.58**

1.51

3.50**

1.52

YSR int

9.83 (6.46)

23.68 (9.56)

32.49 (9.53)

41.18 (8.68)

14.66**

2.76

6.22**

1.44

3.10**

0.94

BDIb

7.02 (7.20)

21.89 (12.68)

33.40 (12.17)

43.20 (13.29)

13.17**

2.39

4.70**

1.31

1.82*

0.81

BSL-95

(n = 57)

(n = 25)

(n = 38)

(n = 9)

t (125)

 

t (125)

 

t (125)

 

Totala

47.67 (28.69)

117.31 (68.98)

182.84 (68.26)

240.55 (70.52)

11.31**

2.42

4.01**

1.38

1.46*

0.86

Dysphoriac

20.56 (8.98)

26.40 (10.23)

30.53 (6.72)

33.04 (6.93)

−2.27

1.13

−.546

0.67

−.110

0.38

     

t (94.85)

 

t (34.51)

 

t (16.74)

 

Self-perceptiona

3.63 (4.37)

15.13 (14.98)

28.10 (17.06)

41.85 (20.82)

11.65**

1.85

4.30**

1.14

2.12

0.79

     

t (96.16)

 

t (34.61)

 

t (26.40)

 

Affect regulationb

6.04 (6.33)

19.48 (11.99)

28.66 (11.29)

36.67 (7.12)

13.42**

2.59

4.54**

1.31

2.95*

0.77

Self-destructionb

1.46 (2.38)

9.20 (7.91)

25.66 (11.55)

34.37 (7.88)

16.28**

3.12

8.17**

2.31

2.21**

0.81

Social isolationb

4.09 (4.97)

12.58 (9.65)

21.87 (12.66)

29.33 (10.46)

10.38**

1.96

4.31**

1.21

1.81*

0.62

Hostilityb

2.34 (3.14)

4.64 (4.41)

8.82 (5.92)

14.89 (5.82)

8.36**

1.58

4.69**

1.35

2.74**

1.05

Intrusionsa

1.34 (2.11)

6.32 (6.37)

12.13 (7.50)

20.33 (12.08)

10.51**

1.77

4.58**

1.15

1.65

0.99

JTCI

(n = 51)

(n = 26)

(n = 46)

(n = 11)

t (130)

 

t (130)

 

t (130)

 

Novelty seeking (T)a

47.29 (8.20)

43.00 (8.62)

48.20 (11.61)

56.00 (8.31)

0.66

0.20

3.42**

0,96

2.39**

0.72

Harm avoidance (T)

49.33 (10.18)

59.38 (8.59)

61.35 (11.10)

69.64 (8.51)

7.32**

1.47

2.34**

0,66

2.44**

0.79

Reward dependence (T)

57.06 (8.37)

52.04 (9.20)

49.96 (10.77)

45.91 (12.03)

−4.18**

0.79

−1.64

0,39

−1.24

0.37

Persistence (T)

50.22 (10.21)

53.73 (9.93)

45.09 (11.74)

35.27 (9.70)

−2.71**

0.54

−4.92**

1.31

−2.74**

0.88

Self-directedness (C)

52.22 (10.41)

43.88 (10.45)

33.22 (11.70)

26.73 (9.81)

−8.51**

1.68

−4.97**

1.32

−1.78

0.58

Cooperativeness (C)

53.75 (8.89)

56.88 (9.21)

54.93 (11.77)

46.27 (9.70)

−0.54

0.11

−2.41*

0.62

−2.56**

0.78

Self-transcendence (C)

49.43 (9.58)

53.92 (10.68)

50.02 (9.12)

50.82 (11.81)

1.15

0.21

−1.38

0.34

0.24

0.08

BIS

(n = 28)

(n = 21)

(n = 29)

(n = 8)

t (82)

 

t (82)

 

t (82)

 

Impulsivity (BIS)

20.76 (3.15)

20.06 (3.47)

22.97 (3.94)

26.85 (2.78)

2.99**

0.77

4.70**

1.45

2.78**

1.07

Attentional

15.61 (4.01)

14.90 (3.16)

18.25 (4.10)

20.88 (1.89)

2.67**

0.72

4.24**

1.55

1.77*

0.72

Non-planning

25.52 (4.33)

24.59 (5.13)

27.47 (5.76)

34.63 (5.07)

2.72**

0.68

4.27**

1.24

3.51**

1.31

Motor

21.16 (3.96)

20.70 (3.97)

23.21 (6.90)

25.04 (4.04)

1.46

0.39

2.24*

0.70

0.89

0.29

  1. YSR Youth self report (ext = externalizing, int = internalizing); BDI Beck Depression Inventory-II; JTCI Junior Temperament and Character Inventory; BIS Barratt Impulsiveness Scale
  2. Bootstrapped and Bonferroni-Holm corrected p values * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01
  3. a log transformation, b root transformation, c reciprocal transformation