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Table 5 Linear regression analysis for investigating effects of infant regulatory problems at 6 month, maternal depression and distress and child’s temperament traits on its internalizing problems at 3 years (N = 123)

From: The link between infant regulatory problems, temperament traits, maternal depressive symptoms and children’s psychopathological symptoms at age three: a longitudinal study in a German at-risk sample

Model summary

R2 change

R2

Corrected R2

F

Beta

Block 1/SES, global risk

ns

.028

.003

ns

 

Mother’s education

    

ns

Household income

    

ns

Global risk score (HBS)

    

ns

Block 2

ns

.036

.003

ns

 

Child’s gender

    

ns

Block 3

ns

.053

.013

ns

 

Group (IG/CG)

    

ns

Block 4/early regulatory problems SFS

.143

.196

.148

4.046***

 

Crying/sleeping problems at 6 months

    

.202*

Feeding problems at 6 months

    

.257**

Block 5/maternal depression ADS

.090

.286

.237

5.766***

 

ADS at 3 years

    

.337***

Block 6/PSI scales

.130

.416

.359

7.264***

 

Parental distress at 3 years

    

ns

Dysfunctional parent–child-interaction at 3 years

    

ns

Difficult child at 3 years

    

.467***

Block 7/child’s temperament EAS

.047

.464

.389

6.223***

 

Emotionality at 3 years

    

.221*

Activity at 3 years

    

ns

Sociability at 3 years

    

ns

Shyness at 3 years

    

.164 +

Block 8/interaction maternal depression X child’s temperament

.003

.467

.381

5.453***

 

ADS X Difficult child

    

ns

ADS X Emotionality

    

ns

  1. Significance of change in F for each signficant values are indicated in italics
  2. SFS questionnaires on crying, feeding and sleeping, CBCL child behavior checklist, EAS emotionality-activity-sociability-temperament survey, ADS Allgemeine Depressionsskala, PSI parental stress index, ns not significant
  3. *** p ≤ .001; ** p ≤ .01; * p ≤ .05; + p ≤ .10