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Table 2 Hazard ratios for self-harm according to indicators of adolescent mental and physical health in the study population (crude and adjusted models)

From: Adolescent health and subsequent risk of self-harm hospitalisation: a 15-year follow-up of the Young-HUNT cohort

 

No.

Crudeb

Adjustedc

SHa

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

Gender

 Male

24

1.00

1.00

 Female

60

2.55 (1.59–4.10)

2.50 (1.56–4.01)

Parental socioeconomic status

 Primary education

8

1.00

1.00

 Secondary education

13

0.47 (0.20–1.14)

0.43 (0.18–1.05)

 Tertiary education

63

0.83 (0.40–1.73)

0.73 (0.35–1.53)

Cohabitation status

 Parents live together

51

1.00

1.00

 Parents separated/divorced

33

2.59 (1.67–4.01)

2.54 (1.63–3.94)

Anxiety/depression (SCL-5)

 SCL-5 mean score

83

2.98 (2.22–4.00)

2.51 (1.84–3.43)

 Non-caseness symptoms anxiety/depression

57

1.00

1.00

 Caseness symptoms anxiety/depression

26

4.46 (2.80–7.10)

3.52 (2.18–5.67)

(SCL-5 single items)

 Not felt constantly afraid and anxious

72

1.00

1.00

 Felt constantly afraid and anxious

11

5.78 (3.06–10.90)

4.21 (2.21–8.02)

 Not felt tense or uneasy

63

1.00

1.00

 Felt tense or uneasy

19

5.95 (3.56–9.95)

4.75 (2.82–8.01)

 Not felt hopelessness when thinking of the future

64

1.00

1.00

 Felt hopelessness when thinking of the future

19

2.88 (1.73–4.81)

2.49 (1.49–4.18)

 Not felt dejected or sad

66

1.00

1.00

 Felt dejected or sad

17

3.21 (1.88–5.47)

2.46 (1.43–4.25)

 Not worried too much about various things

61

1.00

1.00

 Worried too much about various things

22

3.01 (1.85–4.89)

2.44 (1.49–4.00)

Loneliness

 Sometimes/less seldom

68

1.00

1.00

 Very often/often

16

3.99 (2.32–6.89)

3.31 (1.91–5.73)

Bullied at school

 Never/sometimes

75

1.00

1.00

 Very often/often

5

3.39 (1.37–8.38)

3.30 (1.33–8.16)

Body mass index (kg/m2)d

 Underweight (BMI <18.5)

5

1.47 (0.59–3.67)

1.46 (0.59–3.65)

 Normal-weight (BMI 18.5–25)

56

1.00

1.00

 Overweight (BMI 25–30)

11

1.06 (0.56–2.03)

0.99 (0.52–1.89)

 Obesity (BMI >30)

7

3.15 (1.44–6.92)

3.06 (1.39–6.73)

Epilepsy

 No

75

1.00

1.00

 Yes

3

3.82 (1.21–12.13)

3.97 (1.25–12.63)

Migraine

 No

72

1.00

1.00

 Yes

7

2.72 (1.25–5.91)

2.34 (1.08–5.10)

Asthma

 No

73

1.00

1.00

 Yes

11

1.13 (0.60–2.12)

1.09 (0.58–2.05)

Allergy

 No

62

1.00

1.00

 Yes

22

0.73 (0.45–1.19)

0.71 (0.43–1.15)

Skin rash

 No

64

1.00

1.00

 Yes

20

1.21 (0.73–1.99)

1.04 (0.63–1.73)

Stomach pain

 Seldom/never

47

1.00

1.00

 Sometimes/often

33

2.73 (1.75–4.26)

2.23 (1.42–3.52)

Headache

 Seldom/never

29

1.00

1.00

 Sometimes/often

52

2.68 (1.70–4.22)

2.17 (1.36–3.46)

Smoking

 Non-smoker

30

1.00

1.00

 Smoker (occasionally/daily)

34

2.01 (1.23–3.29)

1.82 (1.11–2.98)

Alcohol

 Been drunk ≤10 times

45

1.00

1.00

 Been drunk >10 times

28

1.30 (0.80–2.10)

1.23 (0.76–2.00)

  1. SH self-harm, HR hazard ratio, SCL-5 Hopkins Symptom Checklist, 5-item version
  2. aTotal number of self-harm patients vary due to complete case analyses with varying number of missing observations
  3. bAdjusted for age (as time axis)
  4. cAdjusted for age (as time axis), gender, cohabitation situation and socioeconomic status/parental education level at baseline
  5. dAge-and-gender specific body mass index categories based on international cut-off values