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Table 4 Hazard ratios for self-harm according to indicators of adolescent mental and physical health in the study population (crude and adjusted models)

From: Adolescent health and subsequent risk of self-harm hospitalisation: a 15-year follow-up of the Young-HUNT cohort

  No. Crudeb Adjustedc
  SHa HR (95% CI) HR (95% CI)
Gender
 Male 24 1.00 1.00
 Female 57 2.42 (1.50–3.90) 2.37 (1.47–3.82)
Parental socioeconomic status
 Primary education 7 1.00 1.00
 Secondary education 13 0.54 (0.21–1.34) 0.49 (0.20–1.23)
 Tertiary education 61 0.91 (0.42–1.99) 0.80 (0.37–1.76)
Cohabitation status
 Parents live together 49 1.00 1.00
 Parents separated/divorced 32 2.61 (1.67–4.08) 2.56 (1.63–4.00)
Anxiety/depression (SCL-5)
 SCL-5 mean score 80 2.80 (2.06–3.81) 2.36 (1.71–3.27)
 Non-caseness symptoms anxiety/depression 56 1.00 1.00
Caseness symptoms anxiety/depression 24 4.25 (2.63–6.86) 3.37 (2.06–5.52)
(SCL-5 single items)
 Not felt constantly afraid and anxious 70 1.00 1.00
 Felt constantly afraid and anxious 10 5.43 (2.80–10.54) 4.00 (2.04–7.84)
 Not felt tense or uneasy 62 1.00 1.00
 Felt tense or uneasy 17 5.48 (3.20–9.38) 4.40 (2.55–7.59)
 Not felt hopelessness when thinking of the future 63 1.00 1.00
 Felt hopelessness when thinking of the future 17 2.65 (1.55–4.53) 2.31 (1.34–3.96)
 Not felt dejected or sad 65 1.00 1.00
 Felt dejected or sad 15 2.91 (1.55–5.10) 2.25 (1.27–3.99)
 Not worried too much about various things 60 1.00 1.00
 Worried too much about various things 20 2.80 (1.69–4.65) 2.29 (1.37–3.83)
Loneliness
 Sometimes/less seldom 66 1.00 1.00
 Very often/often 15 3.88 (2.22–6.80) 3.24 (1.84–5.70)
Bullied at school
 Never/sometimes 73 1.00 1.00
 Very often/often 5 3.45 (1.40–8.55) 3.37 (1.36–8.35)
Body mass index (kg/m2)d
 Underweight (BMI <18.5) 4 1.22 (0.44–3.36) 1.21 (0.44–3.35)
 Normal-weight (BMI 18.5–25) 54 1.00 1.00
 Overweight (BMI 25–30) 11 1.10 (0.58–2.11) 1.02 (0.53–1.96)
 Obesity (BMI >30) 7 3.28 (1.49–7.22) 3.18 (1.45–7.01)
Epilepsy
 No 72 1.00 1.00
 Yes 3 3.99 (1.26–12.68) 4.08 (1.28–12.98)
Migraine
 No 69 1.00 1.00
 Yes 7 2.85 (1.31–6.19) 2.45 (1.13–5.35)
Asthma
 No 70 1.00 1.00
 Yes 11 1.18 (0.62–2.23) 1.13 (0.60–2.14)
Allergy
 No 60 1.00 1.00
 Yes 21 0.73 (0.44–1.20) 0.70 (0.43–1.15)
Skin rash
 No 63 1.00 1.00
 Yes 18 1.10 (0.65–1.86) 0.96 (0.57–1.62)
Stomach pain
 Seldom/never 46 1.00 1.00
 Sometimes/often 31 2.62 (1.66–4.14) 2.16 (1.36–3.45)
Headache
 Seldom/never 29 1.00 1.00
 Sometimes/often 49 2.53 (1.60–4.00) 2.06 (1.29–3.31)
Smoking
 Non-smoker 29 1.00 1.00
 Smoker (occasionally/daily) 33 2.08 (1.26–3.43) 1.89 (1.14–3.13)
Alcohol
 Been drunk ≤10 times 45 1.00 1.00
 Been drunk >10 times 26 1.28 (0.78–2.10) 1.21 (0.73–2.00)
  1. Excluding self-harm hospitalisations occurring within 5 months after participation in Young-HUNT
  2. SH self-harm, HR hazard ratio, SCL-5 Hopkins Symptom Checklist, 5-item version
  3. aTotal number of self-harm patients vary due to complete case analyses with varying number of missing observations, and start of follow-up postponed 5 months (152 days) from Young-HUNT participation date
  4. bAdjusted for age (as time axis)
  5. cAdjusted for age (as time axis), gender, cohabitation situation and socioeconomic status/parental education level at baseline
  6. dContinuous age- and gender-specific residuals of standard deviation from mean group body mass index
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