Quality of life in anxious adolescents

Raknes, Solfrid; Pallesen, Ståle; Himle, Joseph A.; Bjaastad, Jon Fauskanger; Wergeland, Gro Janne; Hoffart, Asle; Dyregrov, Kari; Håland, Åshild Tellefsen; Haugland, Bente Storm Mowatt

doi:10.1186/s13034-017-0173-4

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health

Table 3 Hierarchical multiple regression analyses examining effects of sociodemographic variables, reported negative life events, and levels of anxiety on quality of life in a community sample of adolescents (N = 1719)

From: Quality of life in anxious adolescents

Predictor variables	B	SE B	β	R²	ΔF
Step 1 Background and negative life events				0.23 *	67.9 *
Gender
Female	Ref.
Male	33.3	2.9	0.26*
Age (12–17)	−9.9	1.7	−0.13*
Ethnicity
Norwegian	Ref.
Western immigrant	2.2	9.3	0.01
Non-Western immigrant	11.7	10.7	0.02
Perceived family economy
Like most families	Ref.
Better than most families	5.1	3.8	0.03
Lower than most families	−49.3	6.7	−0.16*
Reported negative life events	−39.2	2.9	−0.29*
Step 2; Medium anxiety level (analysis 1)				0.31 *	52.9 *
Gender
Female	Ref.
Male	28.1	5.6	0.22*
Age (12–17)	−9.9	1.6	−0.13*
Ethnicity
Norwegian	Ref.
Western immigrant	−1.5	8.8	0.00
Non-Western immigrant	12.2	10.2	0.03
Perceived family economy
Like most families	Ref.
Better than most families	6.8	3.6	0.04
Lower than most families	−44.9	6.4	−0.15*
Reported negative life events	−32.8	2.9	−0.25*
Obsessive compulsive, medium anxiety symptoms	−25.7	5.6	−0.09*
Social phobia, medium anxiety symptoms	−22.7	4.9	−0.10*
Panic/agora fear, medium anxiety symptoms	−20.7	4.3	−0.10*
Separation anxiety, medium anxiety symptoms	−24.8	5.3	−0.10*
Physical injury fear, medium anxiety symptoms	−15.9	3.7	−0.09*
Generalised anxiety, medium anxiety symptoms	−5.6	4.2	−0.03
Step 2; High anxiety level (analysis 2)				0.39 *	80.2 *
Gender
Female	Ref.
Male	18.9	2.8	0.15*
Age (12–17)	−7.6	1.5	−0.10*
Ethnicity
Norwegian	Ref.
Western immigrant	−0.5	8.3	0.00
Non-Western immigrant	14.6	9.6	0.03
Perceived family economy
Like most families	Ref.
Better than most families	8.1	3.3	0.05*
Lower than most families	−33.6	6.0	−0.11*
Reported negative life events	−25.9	2.7	−0.19*
Obsessive compulsive, high anxiety symptoms	−24.7	6.6	−0.08*
Social phobia, high anxiety symptoms	−33.8	5.3	−0.14*
Panic/agora fear, high anxiety symptoms	−35.4	5.4	−0.16*
Separation anxiety, high anxiety symptoms	−9.9	6.9	−0.03
Physical injury fear, high anxiety symptoms	−11.4	4.6	−0.05*
Generalised anxiety, high anxiety symptoms	−30.4	4.5	−0.17*

The Questionnaire for Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents Revised Version (KINDL-R) [19] was used to measure quality of life (HRQoL). The Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale was used to measure anxiety symptoms in various anxiety domains (obsessive compulsive, social phobia, panic/agoraphobia, separation anxiety, physical injury fears, and generalised anxiety. Australian gender-specific norms used to categorize adolescents as low, medium, or high in anxiety-symptom level at each domain of anxiety. The low-anxiety group in the corresponding anxiety domain was used as the reference group in Step 2 and 3. Ref reference category, β beta estimate; * p < 0.005

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ISSN: 1753-2000

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