Adolescent adaptive behavior profiles in Williams–Beuren syndrome, Down syndrome, and autism spectrum disorder

Table 2 Effect size of adaptive behavior means for HC, WBS, DS, and ASD groups

	1	2	3	4	HC vs. WBS	HC vs. DS	HC vs. ASD
	HC	WBS	DS	ASD	Cohen’s d/effect size r	Cohen’s d/effect size r	Cohen’s d/effect size r
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	(p)	(p)	(p)
Socialization	112.45 (17.40)	60.30 (26.09)	55.86 (17.63)	56.52 (29.28)	2.35/.76^a (p < .001)	3.22/.85^a (p < .001)	2.32/.75^a (p < .001)
Communication	103.66 (13.57)	40.82 (18.95)	25.50 (7.46)	58.97 (28.51)	3.82/.88^b (p < .001)	7.17/.96^b (p < .001)	2.00/.70^a (p < .001)
Daily living	103.33 (18.89)	33.91 (15.57)	27.95 (11.79)	53.13 (30.74)	4.06/.89^b (p < .001)	4.81/.92^b (p < .001)	1.97/.70^a (p < .001)
Total VABS	108.62 (16.42)	41.39 (15.39)	32.54 (8.86)	53.63 (26.30)	3.60/.87^b (p < .001)	5.76/.94^b (p < .001)	2.50/.78^a (p < .001)

Socialization, communication, daily living skills of Vineland scale; total of Vineland scale (total VABS)
HC healthy controls, WBS Williams–Beuren syndrome, DS Down syndrome, ASD autism spectrum disorder
^aMedium effect size
^bLarge effect size

ISSN: 1753-2000