From: Minor physical anomalies in neurodevelopmental disorders: a twin study
Categorical diagnoses | Cohort estimate | Within-pairs conditional estimate | MZ only within-pair conditional estimate | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | OR | 95% CI (OR) | p value | β | OR | 95% CI (OR) | p value | β | OR | 95% CI (OR) | p value | ||
ASD and MPAs | |||||||||||||
No adjustments | .25 | 1.29 | 1.00–1.66 | .047 | .25 | 1.28 | .60–2.75 | .529 | .35 | 1.42 | 0.63–3.19 | .398 | |
Adjusted for IQ | .23 | 1.26 | .98–1.61 | .073 | .16 | 1.18 | .55–2.54 | .673 | .55 | 1.73 | .47–6.45 | .413 | |
Adjusted for ADHD | .25 | 1.29 | 1.02–1.63 | .032 | 1.00 | 2.71 | .84–8.80 | .097 | 1.00 | 2.71 | .83–8.81 | .097 | |
Adjusted for other NDDs | .28 | 1.33 | 1.05–1.67 | .016 | 1.00 | 2.71 | .84–8.80 | .097 | 1.00 | 2.71 | .83–8.81 | .097 |
Dimensional variables | Cohort estimate | Within-pairs conditional estimate | MZ only within-pair conditional estimate | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | SE | 95% CI (β) | p value | β | SE | 95% CI (β) | p value | β | SE | 95% CI (β) | p value | ||
IQ and MPAs | |||||||||||||
No adjustments | − .95 | .32 | − 1.59 to − .32 | .003 | .30 | .69 | − 1.04 to 1.64 | .665 | − .15 | .67 | − 1.46 to 1.17 | .828 | |
SRS-2 and MPAs | |||||||||||||
No adjustments | 3.02 | .98 | 1.09 to 4.94 | .002 | 1.49 | 1.80 | − 2.04 to 5.02 | .409 | 2.11 | 1.85 | − 1.51 to 5.73 | .254 | |
Adjusted for IQ | 2.28 | .97 | .37 to 4.18 | .019 | 1.78 | 1.83 | − 1.82 to 5.37 | .332 | 1.88 | 1.68 | − 1.41 to 5.17 | .263 |