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Table 1 Studies based on general population samples

From: Tourette syndrome and other neurodevelopmental disorders: a comprehensive review

Author (year)

N

Context

Age

Prevalence of TS (%)

Comorbidity

Scales

Nationality

Comings and Comings (1990) [16]

3034

School

NS (children)

0.46

ADHD 10/14 (70%)

NS

USA

Apter et al. (1993) [17]

2837

Israeli defense force recruitment

16–17

0.04

ADHD 8.3%

OCD 41.7%

NS

Israel

Kadesjo and Gillberg (2000) [19]

435

School

Mean, 11

1.1

ADHD 1/11 (9%)

Asperger 1/11 (9%)

Dyslexia 2/11 (18%)

DSM III criteria

Conners

ASSQ

Sweden

Wang et al. (2003) [18]

2000

School

6–12

0.56

ADHD 36%

YSTSOBS

Taiwan

Khalifa and von Knorring (2006) [20]

4479

School

7–15

0.6

ADHD 68% (ADHD C 60%, ADHD HI 8%)

PDD 20% (Asperger 16%, PDD-NOS 4%)

OCD 16%

Depression 20%

Conduct disorder 8%

Sleep disorder 28%

DCC 20%

LD 16%

ID 16%

DSM IV criteria

ASSQ

CYBOCS

Conners

CBCL

CDI

Sweden

  1. ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ASSQ, autism spectrum screening questionnaire; CBCL, child behavior checklist; CDI, children’s depression inventory; CYBOCS, children’s Yale-brown obsessive compulsive scale; DCD, developmental coordination disorder; ID, intellectual disability; LD, learning disorder. NS, not specified; OCD, obsessive compulsive disorder; PDD-NOS, pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified; YSTSOBS, Yale schedule for Tourette syndrome and other behavioral syndromes