Table 1 Parent and family characteristics of the study sample in percentages (n = 1604)
Description | n | % |
|---|---|---|
Annual household income (in millions of yen) | ||
 < 4 | 284 | 17.7 |
 4–5 | 536 | 33.4 |
 6–7 | 368 | 22.9 |
 8–9 | 185 | 11.5 |
 10–11 | 107 | 6.7 |
 ≥ 12 | 86 | 5.4 |
 No response | 38 | 2.4 |
Maternal education level | ||
 Compulsory education (9 years) | 35 | 2.2 |
 Upper secondary school (12 years) | 370 | 23.1 |
 Less than 4 years at college/university (13–15 years) | 661 | 41.2 |
 Over 4 years at college/university (≥ 16 years) | 529 | 33.0 |
 No response | 9 | .6 |
Paternal education level | ||
 Compulsory education (9 years) | 77 | 4.8 |
 Upper secondary school (12 years) | 382 | 23.8 |
 Less than 4 years at college/university (13–15 years) | 239 | 14.9 |
 Over 4 years at college/university (≥ 16 years) | 895 | 55.8 |
 No response | 11 | .7 |