The role of attachment relationship in adolescents’ problem behavior development: a cross-sectional study of Kenyan adolescents in Nairobi city

Table 4 Results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis on factors associated with attachment insecurity

Variable	Category	Beta (SE)	95% CI beta	β	t	P value	R² change	F ratio R² Change
Emotional problems		0.88 (0.38)	(0.13 to 1.64)	0.25	2.3	0.023	0.264	10.26**
Conduct problems		0.74 (0.42)	(−0.09 to 1.58)	0.17	1.8	0.080
Hyperactivity		0.34 (0.58)	(−0.82 to 1.49)	0.06	0.6	0.562
School	Low SES	2.17 (1.54)	(−0.89 to 5.23)	0.13	1.4	0.163	0.127	2.79**
	Middle SES	Reference
Gender	Male	2.37(1.57)	(−0.76 to 5.49)	0.14	1.5	0.136
	Female	Reference
Age in years		0.28 (0.67)	(−1.05 to 1.62)	0.04	0.4	0.677
Mother’s employment status	Unemployed	5.10 (2.38)	(0.36 to 9.84)	0.19	2.1	0.035
	Employed	Reference
Experiences of childhood adversity	Yes	4.43 (1.74)	(0.97 to 7.88)	0.25	2.5	0.013
	No	Reference
Experienced sexual/physical violence	Yes	2.44 (3.23)	(−3.99 to 8.87)	0.07	0.8	0.452
	No	Reference
R²							0.391

Dependent variable total VAS score
Beta unstandardized coefficient, SE standard error, β standardized coefficient
Italicized numerals are strong positive correlations
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two-tailed)

ISSN: 1753-2000