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Table 1 Included studies sample characteristics, methods of assessment, and quality ratings

From: A systematic review of wellbeing in children: a comparison of military and civilian families

Study

Design

N

Males (%)

Child ethnicity (%)

Child age or school grade

Outcomes assessed

Quality rating

Acion et al. [28]

Cross-sectional

Civilian 57,637

49.3

85.9

6th, 8th, 11th grade

Alcohol/drug use in last 30 days

Good

Deployed 1758

Barnes et al. [24]

Longitudinal

Civilian 53

51.7

25.6

M 15.8 years (SD 1.1)

Stress, PTSD

Good

Military parent 59

Deployed 21

Cederbaum et al. [31]a

Cross-sectional

Civilian 12,385

48.1

28.3

7th, 9th, 11th grade

Suicidal ideation, positive affect, depression

Fair

Military parent 1305

Military sibling 609

Gilreath et al. [15]a

Cross-sectional

Civilian 12,555

47.9

28.2

7th, 9th, 11th grade

Alcohol/drug use in last 30 days

Good

Military parent 1338

Military sibling 619

Gilreath et al. [29]a

Cross-sectional

Civilian 283,593

49.1

23.5

9–11th grade

Suicidal ideation

Good

Military parent 27,547

Reed et al. [14]b

Cross-sectional

Civilian 8237

57.2

N/A

8th, 10th, 12th grade

Quality of life, depression, suicidal ideation

Good

Military parent 1216

Deployed 557

Reed et al. [26]b

Cross-sectional

Civilian 9978

56.0

60.5

8th, 10th, 12th grade

Binge drinking over last 2 weeks, drug use in last 30 days, externalising behaviour

Good

Military parent 1210

Deployed 554

Reinhardt et al. [30]

Cross-sectional

Civilian 3370

49.6

36.0

9–12th grade

Externalising behaviour

Good

Military parent 539

Sullivan et al. [27]a

Cross-sectional

Civilian 634,029

49.6

21.4

7th, 9th, 11th grade

Externalising behaviour, alcohol/drug use in last 30 days

Good

Military parent 54,684

  1. N = total number of child participants. Child ethnicity is reported as percentage Caucasian children. Males = the percentage of male children in the study. Military parent/sibling = child reports having a primary caregiver or sibling in the armed forces. Deployed = child reports that parent/sibling has been deployed to a combat zone. N/A not available, M mean, SD standard deviation. Adjustment difficulties measured = type of child psychological difficulty assessed by the study and included in the analysis. Quality rating score: studies meeting criteria for items three, eleven and fourteen on the NIH [25] study quality checklist received a score of ‘good.’ A study that met criteria on two of three items received a quality rating score of ‘fair.’ A study that met one or none of these items received a score of ‘poor.’ All studies assessed child wellbeing using self-report questionnaires
  2. aData from the state-wide California Healthy Kids Survey (CHKS) was used. Cederbaum et al. [31] reported CHKS data from children recruited during 2011. Gilreath et al. [15] reported CHKS data from a sub-sample of children recruited during February–March 2011 from schools in southern California. Gilreath et al. [29] used CHKS data from children recruited between 2012 and 2013. Sullivan et al. [27] reported CHKS data collected during March–April 2013
  3. bData from the Washington State 2008 Healthy Youth Survey (HYS) was used. Reed et al. [14] reported on HYS data collected in 2008, with data regarding suicidal ideation and poor quality of life used for the present study. Reed et al. [26] reported HYS data collected in 2008 with data regarding child violent behaviour and substance use used for the present study
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Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health

ISSN: 1753-2000