Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of included sample (N = 2127)
| Â | n (%) or M (SD) |
|---|---|
Enrollment characteristics | |
 Cohort 5 | 506 (23.79) |
 Cohort 6 | 545 (25.62) |
 Cohort 7 | 542 (25.48) |
 Cohort 8 | 534 (25.11) |
Caregiver characteristics | |
 Biological parent | 1970 (92.62) |
 Other relationship | 157 (7.38) |
 Female gender | 1976 (92.90) |
Household characteristics at age 13 | |
 Household poverty | 784 (36.86) |
 Single parent household | 924 (43.44) |
Participant race | |
 European–American/white | 821 (42.30) |
 Minority race | 1120 (57.70) |