Table 2 Bivariate analysis of the factors associated with cannabis and amphetamine use among school-going adolescents in Ghana
From: Cannabis and amphetamine use and its psychosocial correlates among school-going adolescents in Ghana
Variables | Past-month cannabis use N = 184 | Lifetime amphetamine use N = 238 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No (%) | Yes (%) | p-value | No (%) | Yes (%) | p-value | |
Demographics | ||||||
Gender | 0.540 | 0.450 | ||||
Male | 95.1 | 4.9 | 93.3 | 6.7 | ||
Female | 94.6 | 5.4 | 92.6 | 7.4 | ||
Age in years | 0.055 | 0.120 | ||||
11–17 years | 94.2 | 5.8 | 92.4 | 7.6 | ||
18 years and above | 95.8 | 4.2 | 93.9 | 6.1 | ||
Mental health problems | ||||||
Anxiety | 0.068 | 0.052 | ||||
Yes | 91.7 | 8.3 | 87.6 | 12.4 | ||
No | 95.3 | 4.7 | 93.8 | 6.2 | ||
Loneliness | 0.032 | 0.018 | ||||
Yes | 91.5 | 8.5 | 88.7 | 11.3 | ||
No | 95.4 | 4.6 | 93.7 | 6.3 | ||
Suicidal ideation | 0.011 | 0.091 | ||||
Yes | 87.9 | 12.1 | 85.5 | 14.5 | ||
No | 96.6 | 3.4 | 95.0 | 5.0 | ||
Suicidal plan | 0.019 | 0.049 | ||||
Yes | 90.3 | 9.7 | 88.0 | 12.0 | ||
No | 97.1 | 2.9 | 95.3 | 4.7 | ||
Suicidal attempt | 0.028 | 0.012 | ||||
Yes | 85.5 | 14.5 | 82.3 | 17.7 | ||
No | 97.8 | 2.2 | 96.3 | 3.7 | ||
Personal attributes | ||||||
Truancy | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Yes | 89.0 | 11.0 | 87.6 | 12.4 | ||
No | 98.2 | 1.8 | 96.0 | 4.0 | ||
Smoked cigarette | < 0.001 | 0.003 | ||||
Yes | 54.9 | 45.1 | 56.2 | 43.8 | ||
No | 97.3 | 2.7 | 95.5 | 4.5 | ||
Close friends | 0.021 | 0.610 | ||||
Yes | 94.9 | 5.1 | 92.9 | 7.1 | ||
No | 95.5 | 4.5 | 93.7 | 6.3 | ||
Peer support | 0.680 | 0.720 | ||||
Yes | 94.6 | 5.4 | 92.7 | 7.3 | ||
No | 94.9 | 5.1 | 93.0 | 7.0 | ||
Sexual risk behaviour | 0.061 | 0.065 | ||||
Yes | 88.0 | 12.0 | 86.1 | 13.9 | ||
No | 96.6 | 3.4 | 94.8 | 5.2 | ||
School environmental factors | ||||||
Bullying victimization | 0.044 | < 0.001 | ||||
Yes | 91.7 | 8.3 | 89.3 | 10.7 | ||
No | 98.0 | 2.0 | 96.7 | 3.3 | ||
Physically attacked | 0.060 | < 0.001 | ||||
Yes | 90.4 | 9.6 | 87.6 | 12.4 | ||
No | 97.8 | 2.2 | 96.5 | 3.5 | ||
Physical fight | 0.058 | 0.049 | ||||
Yes | 90.7 | 9.3 | 88.6 | 11.4 | ||
No | 97.1 | 2.9 | 95.3 | 4.7 | ||
Hunger | 0.030 | 0.080 | ||||
Yes | 90.9 | 9.1 | 88.6 | 11.4 | ||
No | 95.4 | 4.6 | 93.6 | 6.4 | ||
Parental attributes | ||||||
Parental substance use | 0.018 | < 0.001 | ||||
Yes | 81.7 | 18.3 | 79.6 | 20.4 | ||
No | 96.5 | 3.5 | 94.8 | 5.2 | ||
Parental monitoring | 0.070 | 0.270 | ||||
Yes | 95.6 | 4.4 | 92.3 | 7.7 | ||
No | 94.3 | 5.7 | 93.3 | 6.7 | ||
Parental understanding | 0.010 | 0.620 | ||||
Yes | 96.1 | 3.9 | 92.7 | 7.3 | ||
No | 93.9 | 6.1 | 93.2 | 6.8 | ||
Parental bonding | 0.110 | 0.890 | ||||
Yes | 95.6 | 4.4 | 93.2 | 6.8 | ||
No | 94.3 | 5.7 | 93.0 | 7.0 | ||
Parental intrusion of privacy | 0.060 | 0.090 | ||||
Yes | 95.4 | 4.6 | 93.6 | 6.4 | ||
No | 93.9 | 6.1 | 92.1 | 7.9 | ||