Table 3 Association with cannabis and amphetamine use among school-going adolescents in Ghana

Demographics

 Age in years

  11–17 years

1

–

1

–

  18 years and above

0.91

0.51–1.62

0.98

0.62–1.55

 Sex (male)

0.74

0.43–1.28

1.07

Mental health problems

 Anxiety

0.71

0.34–1.50

1.21

0.71–2.07

 Loneliness

0.99

0.51–1.91

1.08

0.64–1.81

 Suicidal ideation

1.84

0.97–3.50

1.51

0.88–2.60

 Suicidal plan

1.43

0.75 –2.73

1.18

0.68–2.03

 Suicidal attempt

1.40

0.70 –2.80

1.44

0.81–0.59

Personal attributes

 School truancy

3.34

1.88–5.92***

1.74

1.13–2.68*

 Smoked cigarette

12.48

6.48–24.02***

4.74

2.50–9.00***

 Close friends

2.37

1.20–4.71*

1.43

0.79–2.60

 Peer support

1.50

0.83–2.72

1.31

0.83–2.07

 Sexual risk behaviour

1.71

0.92–3.20

1.59

0.93–2.71

School environmental factors

 Bullying victimisation

1.65

0.87–3.13

2.09

1.27–3.43**

 Physically attacked

1.61

0.89–2.93

2.16

1.36–3.45**

 Physical fight

1.54

0.84–2.82

0.94

0.58–1.52

 Hunger

0.99

0.49–1.99

1.35

0.78–2.33

Parental attributes

 Parental substance use

1.88

0.97–3.64

2.45

1.45–4.13**

 Parental monitoring

0.90

0.50–1.79

1.31

0.82–2.11

 Parental understanding

0.75

0.39–1.41

1.58

0.99–2.51

 Parental bonding

0.91

0.48–1.74

1.07

0.67–1.73

 Parental intrusion of privacy

1.04

0.60–1.80

1.09

0.71–1.68