Table 1 Baseline characteristics of key indicators of participants by frequency of parent-to-child maltreatment
Baseline characteristics | Total N = 751 | None to rare parent-to-child maltreatment 446 (59%) | Occasional parent-to-child maltreatment 232 (31%) | Frequent parent-to-child maltreatment 73 (10%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age* | 13.13 (1.84)* | 13.29 (0.09)* | 12.90 (0.11)* | 12.84 (0.21)* |
Gender | ||||
 Male | 397 (52.86) | 206 (46.19) | 144 (62) | 47 (64.38) |
 Female | 354 (47.14) | 240 (53.81) | 88 (37.93) | 26 (35.62) |
Extended family system | 325 (43.38) | 184 (41.26) | 111 (47.84) | 30 (41.10) |
Physical abuse within family | 117 (15.58) | 40 (8.97) | 48 (20.69) | 29 (39.73) |
Verbal abuse/quarrel within family | 425 (56.59) | 206 (46.19) | 157 (67.67) | 62 (84.93) |
Bullying and mistreating by siblings | 376 (50) | 162 (36.32) | 152 (65.52) | 62 (84.93) |
Overweight/obese | 195 (26) | 137 (30.72) | 44 (18.97) | 14 (19.18) |
Total Family members* | 8.74 (4.84)* | 8.23 (0.20)* | 9.07 (0.32)* | 10.78 (0.81)* |
Parental use of substance abuse | 246 (32.76) | 126 (28.75) | 88 (37.93) | 32 (44) |
Intergenerational abuse | 367 (48.87) | 242 (54.26) | 94 (40.42) | 31 (42.27) |
History of parental psychiatric illness | 192 (25.57) | 103 (23.09) | 63 (27.16) | 26 (35.62) |
Stress home environment perceived by parents | 287 (38.22) | 148 (33.18) | 95 (40.95) | 44 (60.27) |
Not satisfied by family life | 658 (87.62) | 402 (90.13) | 200 (86.21) | 56 (76.71) |
No familial support | 655 (87.22) | 391 (87.67) | 203 (87.50) | 61 (83.56) |
Birth order | ||||
 First child | 246 (32.76) | 167 (37.44) | 64 (27.59) | 15 (20.55) |
 Middle child | 342 (45.54) | 173 (38.79) | 123 (53.02) | 46 (63) |
 Last child | 163 (21.70) | 106 (23.77) | 45 (19.40) | 12 (16.44) |
Maternal History of domestic violence | 244 (32.49) | 118 (26.46) | 93 (40.09) | 33 (45.21) |
Maternal employment status (housewife) | 654 (87.32) | 381 (85.81) | 209 (90.09) | 64 (87.67) |
Paternal employment status (unemployed) | 35 (5%) | 17 (4.16) | 12 (5.45) | 6 (8.45) |
Parental education status | ||||
 Both parents are educated | 105 (13.98) | 51 (11.43) | 30 (12.93) | 24 (32.88) |
 Either parent is uneducated | 220 (29.29) | 122 (27.35) | 77 (33.19) | 21 (28.77) |
 Both parents are not educated | 426 (56.72) | 273 (61.21) | 125 (53.88) | 28 (38.36) |
Child education status (No formal education) | 45 (5.99) | 18 (4.04) | 15 (6.47) | 12 (16.44) |
Socioeconomic status (composite wealth index) | ||||
 Low | 100 (13.32) | 55 (12.33) | 31 (13.36) | 14 (19.18) |
 Middle | 542 (72.17) | 310 (69.51) | 179 (77.16) | 53 (72.60) |
 High | 109 (14.51) | 81 (18.16) | 22 (9.48) | 6 (8.22) |