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Table 3 Comparison of the effect of COSP between the intervention group and the control group

From: Effects of an attachment-based parent intervention on mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder: preliminary findings from a non-randomized controlled trial

Scales

Intervention (n = 20)

Control (n = 40)

Group * Time Interaction

Comparison T1–T2

T1

T2

T1

T2

 

Effect size

Intervention

Control

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

F

P

Partial η2

P

MD

95% CI

P

MD

95% CI

TOPSE

 Total score

257.65 (44.7)

306.15 (50.4)

281.40 (52.6)

288.10 (58.9)

19.426

< .001***

.254

< .001***

47.27

32.57, 61.97

.161

7.31

− 2.99,17.62

 Emotion and affection

42.10 (9.31)

45.10 (7.98)

43.00 (10.6)

43.68 (10.3)

1.746

.192

.030

.032*

2.85

0.25, 5.45

.418

0.75

− 1.09, 2.59

 Play and enjoyment

30.70 (9.67)

39.05 (10.9)

37.88 (9.61)

39.13 (11.8)

4.909

.031*

.079

< .001***

7.35

3.30, 11.39

.216

1.75

− 1.05, 4.56

 Empathy and understanding

35.45 (7.97)

42.75 (7.57)

36.95 (10.9)

38.15 (11.4)

18.373

< .001***

.244

< .001***

7.20

4.93, 9.46

.123

1.25

− 0.35, 2.85

 Control

23.35 (6.92)

30.70 (6.66)

27.15 (7.28)

28.78 (7.91)

6.757

.012*

.106

< .001***

6.46

3.73, 9.19

.034*

2.07

0.16, 3.98

 Discipline and boundaries

26.00 (5.26)

33.15 (8.68)

29.78 (8.60)

31.88 (9.66)

3.755

.058

.062

 < .001***

6.50

3.09, 9.91

.047*

2.42

0.03, 4.81

 Pressures

31.65 (8.66)

36.00 (8.30)

33.75 (8.84)

32.75 (8.81)

6.192

.016*

.098

.013*

3.84

0.83, 6.84

.485

− 0.74

− 2.86, 1.38

 Self-acceptance

31.35 (9.23)

37.25 (9.02)

32.85 (9.65)

34.03 (8.56)

6.890

.011*

.108

< .001***

5.58

2.94, 8.22

.157

1.34

− 0.53, 3.20

 Learning and knowledge

37.05 (6.74)

42.15 (6.67)

40.05 (9.08)

39.73 (8.84)

7.833

.007*

.121

.001**

4.49

1.87, 7.11

.982

− 0.02

− 1.87, 1.83

GHQ

 Total score

10.25 (5.92)

7.60 (6.93)

7.63 (5.51)

10.13 (6.13)

11.989

.001**

.174

.039*

− 2.26

− 4.40, − 0.12

.003**

2.31

0.81, 3.81

 General illness

2.20 (1.54)

1.35 (1.57)

1.73 (1.34)

2.25 (1.48)

8.133

.006**

.125

.038*

− 0.67

− 1.30, − 0.04

.055

0.43

− 0.01, 0.88

 Somatic symptoms

1.55 (1.32)

1.00 (1.21)

1.43 (1.26)

1.68 (1.53)

5.010

.029*

.081

.064

− 0.52

− 1.06, 0.03

.232

0.23

− 0.15, 0.62

 Sleep problems

3.00 (1.38)

2.60 (1.85)

1.98 (1.40)

2.55 (1.63)

0.594

.444

.010

.984

0.01

− 0.75, 0.76

.162

0.37

− 0.15, 0.90

 Social dysfunction

.95 (1.43)

1.00 (1.65)

.63 (1.19)

.88 (1.30)

0.196

.660

.003

.674

0.10

− 0.37, 0.57

.177

0.23

− 0.10, 0.56

 Anxiety and dysphoria

2.25 (1.71)

1.40 (1.70)

1.48 (1.47)

2.15 (1.66)

7.362

.009**

.114

.086

− 0.59

− 1.27, 0.09

.025*

0.55

0.07, 1.02

 Suicidal depression

.30 (.73)

.25 (.55)

.40 (1.03)

.63 (1.15)

1.740

.192

.030

.665

− 0.09

− 0.51, 0.33

.100

0.25

− 0.05, 0.54

CBCL

 Total score

69.75 (8.79)

66.75 (10.0)

67.98 (6.76)

68.35 (6.86)

7.294

.009**

.113

.004**

− 2.89

− 4.83, -0.95

.640

0.32

− 1.05, 1.69

 Internalizing scale

66.55 (7.63)

63.65 (8.79)

63.53 (6.26)

64.95 (6.29)

7.104

.010**

.111

.031*

− 2.47

− 4.71, -0.23

.129

1.21

− 0.36, 2.78

 Externalizing scale

64.25 (9.18)

61.20 (9.62)

62.05 (8.71)

62.45 (8.92)

4.645

.035*

.075

.020*

− 2.83

− 5.19, − 0.47

.729

0.29

− 1.38, 1.95

 Withdrawn/depressed

4.75 (3.42)

3.65 (3.28)

3.18 (2.29)

3.40 (2.68)

5.120

.027*

.082

.019*

− 0.95

− 1.74, − 0.16

.583

0.15

− 0.40, 0.70

 Somatic complaints

1.50 (1.67)

1.40 (1.57)

.95 (1.28)

1.33 (1.61)

1.175

.283

.020

.947

− 0.02

− 0.54, 0.51

.077

0.33

− 0.04, 0.70

 Anxious/depressed

8.00 (5.11)

6.60 (5.39)

6.00 (4.01)

6.53 (3.55)

3.550

.065

.059

.087

− 1.07

− 2.29, 0.16

.408

0.36

− 0.50, 1.22

 Social problems

5.50 (2.84)

5.10 (3.26)

5.23 (2.61)

5.38 (2.43)

1.183

.281

.020

.332

− 0.36

− 1.11, 0.38

.618

0.13

− 0.40, 0.66

 Thought problems

2.40 (2.06)

1.30 (1.66)

1.93 (2.06)

1.68 (2.07)

2.996

.089

.050

.003**

− 0.99

− 1.63, − 0.35

.182

− 0.31

− 0.76, 0.15

 Attention problems

8.65 (3.03)

7.55 (4.26)

9.08 (3.28)

9.25 (2.88)

3.646

.061

.060

.054

− 1.20

− 2.42, 0.02

.603

0.23

− 0.64, 1.09

 Delinquency problems

2.10 (2.22)

1.40 (1.73)

1.73 (1.81)

1.98 (2.01)

3.956

.052

.065

.073

− 0.61

− 1.27, 0.06

.389

0.20

− 0.27, 0.67

 Aggressive behaviors

10.55 (6.59)

8.45 (6.67)

8.85 (6.58)

9.08 (6.32)

4.165

.046*

.068

.022*

− 1.89

− 3.50, − 0.28

.832

0.12

− 1.01, 1.25

  1. MD: difference of the means; CI: confidence interval
  2. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001
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Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health

ISSN: 1753-2000