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Table 2 Primary and secondary outcome data at Baseline (T1) by autistic traits status

From: Changes in self-efficacy in Japanese school-age children with and without high autistic traits after the Universal Unified Prevention Program: a single-group pilot study

 

Total

(N = 396)

ASD-Unlikely

(N = 241)

ASD-Possible

(N = 34)

ASD-Probable

(N = 10)

N

Mean (SD)

Range

N

Mean (SD)

Range

N

Mean (SD)

Range

N

Mean (SD)

Range

Primary Outcome

 Self-efficacya

365d

26.08 (4.72)

12–36

222

26.57 (4.18)

15–36

26

23.12 (5.15)

12–30

10

22.30 (5.08)

15–32

Secondary Outcome

 Social skillsb

185e

93.52 (16.92)

47–125

112

96.89 (15.90)

57–125

12

92.55 (15.10)

68–112

4

76.75 (12.42)

60–88

Mental healthc

 Self-rated

364f

11.90 (5.96)

1–32

221

11.07 (5.21)

1–30

26

14.81 (6.43)

4–28

10

19.50 (6.72)

8–32

 Parent-rated

311 g

7.90 (5.22)

0–28

240

6.54 (4.16)

0–22

34

13.06 (4.71)

4–24

9

19.67 (4.92)

11–28

 Teacher-rated

194 h

5.80 (6.16)

0–26

118

4.47 (5.00)

0–24

12

5.83 (5.81)

1–17

4

13.00 (5.60)

6–18

  1. ASD Autism spectrum disorder, SD standard deviation
  2. aAssessed with the GSESC-R General Self-Efficacy Scale for Children-Revised
  3. bAssessed with the CSSS Children’s Social Skills Scale
  4. cAssessed with the SDQ Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
  5. dThere were 371 self-rated questionnaires for which informed consent was obtained, from which six with incomplete data were removed
  6. eThere were 194 teacher-rated questionnaires for which informed consent was obtained, from which nine with incomplete data were removed
  7. fThere were 371 self-rated questionnaires for which informed consent was obtained, from which seven with incomplete data were removed
  8. gThere were 317 parent-rated questionnaires for which informed consent was obtained, from which six with incomplete data were removed
  9. hThere were 194 teacher-rated questionnaires for which informed consent was obtained