Table 1 Sample characteristics (excluding ages 0–1 years old) according to strengths and difficulties questionnaire scores (SDQ)

Sex (missings = 5)

 Male

37 (43.5)

12.56 (7.32)

12.00 (8.13)

 Female

48 (56.5)

11.87 (5.57)

12.00 (5.45)

Age categories

 1–4 years old

32 (35.6)

11.19 (5.47)

10.58 (7.92)

 5–9 years old

22 (24.4)

13.57 (5.75)

13.17 (7.82)

 10–17 years old

36 (40.0)

12.01 (7.10)

12.00 (6.00)

Region of origin (missings = 10)

 Eastern Europe

5 (6.3)

13.13 (4.77)

13.00 (7.67)

 Southern Europe

3 (3.3)

14.00 (3.50)

13.00 (6.78§)

 Western Asia

31 (34.4)

11.74 (5.77)

10.58 (5.58)

 Southern Asia

22 (24.4)

11.06 (5.69)

12.00 (7.93)

 Western Africa

11 (12.2)

10.13 (5.74)

10.58 (11.27)

 Central Africa

2 (2.2)

11.96 (1.95)

11.96 (2.75§)

 Other

6 (6.7)

14.24 (8.64)

14.50 (13.82)

Time since arrival (missings = 11)

 Less than a year

35 (44.3)

13.16 (6.47)

11.43 (8.33)

 More than a year

44 (55.7)

11.15 (6.10)

11.79 (6.00)

Accommodation type

 GU

73 (81.1)

11.82 (5.79)

11.58 (5.95)

 LEA

17 (18.9)

13.28 (7.99)

13.00 (8.24)

How many times has your child been transferred between different cities or towns in Germany? (missings = 10)

 None

22 (27.5)

12.02 (5.96)

11.29 (7.93)

 Once

23 (28.7)

14.74 (6.73)

14.00 (6.89)

 Twice or more

35 (43.8)

11.05 (5.89)

10.58 (8.33)

Parental Subjective Social Status in country of origin (missings = 26)

 Low

27 (42.2)

12.57 (7.00)

12.00 (7.79)

 Medium

19 (21.1)

13.27 (5.64)

12.00 (7.89)

 High

18 (20.0)

10.83 (3.67)

11.29 (5.50)

Parental Subjective Social Status in Germany (missings = 28)

 Low

47 (75.8)

12.88 (6.07)

13.00 (7.58)

 Medium

12 (19.4)

11.63 (5.69)

11.35 (4.25)

 High

3 (4.8)

10.00 (3.33)

10.00 (3.33)