Table 6 Standardized estimates for cross-lagged path model assessing the bidirectional relationship between caregiver pandemic-related stress, caregiver mental health, and child prosocial behavior

Autoregressive coefficients

 Caregiver stress T1 → Caregiver stress T2

.47***

.11

.001

 Caregiver stress T2 → Caregiver stress T3

.47***

.13

.001

 Caregiver MH T1 → Caregiver MH T2

.64***

.08

.001

 Caregiver MH T2 → Caregiver MH T3

.32**

.11

.005

 Child prosocial T1 → Child prosocial T2

.74***

.06

.001

 Child prosocial T2 → Child prosocial T3

.44***

.13

.001

Predicting caregiver MH

 Caregiver stress T1 → Caregiver MH T2

.10

.09

.228

 Caregiver stress T2 → Caregiver MH T3

.14

.12

.247

 Child prosocial T1 → Caregiver MH T2

.00

.07

.996

 Child prosocial T2 → Caregiver MH T3

-.05

.07

.428

Predicting caregiver stress

 Caregiver MH T1 → Caregiver stress T2

.24*

.11

.026

 Caregiver MH T2 → Caregiver stress T3

.08

.09

.382

 Child prosocial T1 → Caregiver stress T2

-.01

.08

.922

 Child prosocial T2 → Caregiver stress T3

-.04

.08

.648

Predicting child prosocial behaviors

 Caregiver MH T1 → Child prosocial T2

.06

.09

.480

 Caregiver MH T2 → Child prosocial T3

.14

.09

.135

 Caregiver stress T1 → Child prosocial T2

-.09

.09

.313

 Caregiver stress T2 → Child prosocial T3

-.04

.11

.699