Table 2 Association between bullying at school and mental health problems adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and school-related factors
From: Bullying at school and mental health problems among adolescents: a repeated cross-sectional study
Crude | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
Bullied at school (Crude, n = 28,563) | 3.73 | 3.40–4.10 | 3.28 | 2.98–3.64 | 3.28 | 2.89–3.72 | 2.57 | 2.24–2.96 |
Demographic factors (Model 1, n = 27,614) | ||||||||
Age (ref = grade 9) | 1.38 | 1.26–1.50 | 1.39 | 1.24–1.55 | 1.48 | 1.30–1.68 | ||
Gender (ref = boys) | 3.87 | 3.48–4.29 | 4.33 | 3.78–4.96 | 4.42 | 3.80–5.13 | ||
Assessment year (ref = 2014) | 1.18 | 1.13–1.25 | 1.22 | 1.14–1.30 | 1.23 | 1.14–1.32 | ||
Socioeconomic factors (Model 2, n = 18,712) | ||||||||
Mother university education (ref = yes) | 1.00 | 0.87–1.14 | 0.96 | 0.83–1.11 | ||||
Father university education (ref = yes) | 1.22 | 1.08–1.39 | 1.14 | 0.99–1.30 | ||||
Monthly spending money (ref = high) | 1.05 | 0.94–1.16 | 1.06 | 0.94–1.16 | ||||
School-related factors (Model 3, n = 15,985) | ||||||||
Grade in Swedish (ref = high) | 1.42 | 1.22–1.67 | ||||||
Grade in English (ref = high) | 0.79 | 0.67–0.95 | ||||||
Grade in Mathematics (ref = high) | 1.09 | 0.96–1.23 | ||||||
Participation in school (ref = high) | 1.11 | 0.97–1.28 | ||||||
Interesting/meaningful schoolwork (ref = yes) | 2.44 | 2.13–2.78 | ||||||
Feel well at school (ref = yes) | 1.64 | 1.34–1.85 | ||||||
School lessons structured (ref = yes) | 1.31 | 1.16–1.47 | ||||||
Praise for achievements (ref = yes) | 1.19 | 1.06–1.34 | ||||||