Table 1 Psychiatric comorbidities of children/adolescents with ADHD in 2017
Sex | Total (n = 91,118) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Male (n = 67,194) | Female (n = 23,924) | ||
Psychiatric comorbidities (ICD-10 codes), n (%) | |||
Depressive disorders (F32, F33, F41.2, F43.2) | 7844 (11.7) | 3807 (15.9) | 11,651 (12.8) |
Reaction to severe stress and adjustment disorders (F43.0, F43.1, F43.8, F43.9) | 1906 (2.8) | 1017 (4.3) | 2923 (3.2) |
Mental retardation (F70-F79) | 1739 (2.6) | 758 (3.2) | 2497 (2.7) |
Tic disorders (F95) | 2567 (3.8) | 463 (1.9) | 3030 (3.3) |
Specific developmental disorders of speech and language (F80) | 14,984 (22.3) | 4949 (20.7) | 19,933 (21.9) |
Specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills (F81) | 12,685 (18.9) | 5225 (21.8) | 17,910 (19.7) |
Specific developmental disorder of motor function (F82) | 11,121 (16.6) | 2884 (12.1) | 14,005 (15.4) |
Mixed specific developmental disorders (F83) | 6813 (10.1) | 2100 (8.8) | 8913 (9.8) |
Pervasive developmental disorders (F84.0, F84.1, F84.5, F84.8, F84.9) | 4266 (6.3) | 841 (3.5) | 5107 (5.6) |
Conduct disorders (F90.1, F91, F92) | 20,871 (31.1) | 4933 (20.6) | 25,804 (28.3) |
Phobic anxiety disorders (F40, F41.0, F41.1, F41.3, F41.8, F41.9, F93) | 11,946 (17.8) | 5248 (21.9) | 17,194 (18.9) |
Disorders of social functioning with onset specific to childhood and adolescence (F94) | 2105 (3.1) | 873 (3.6) | 2978 (3.3) |
Substance use disorders (F10-F19) | 765 (1.1) | 286 (1.2) | 1051 (1.2) |
Eating disorders (F50.0, F50.1, F50.2, F50.3, F50.4, F50.8, F50.9) | 550 (0.8) | 480 (2.0) | 1030 (1.1) |
Psychotic disorders (F20-F22, F25) | 60 (0.1) | 23 (0.1) | 83 (0.1) |
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (F42) | 553 (0.8) | 258 (1.1) | 811 (0.9) |
Dissociative/conversion disorders (F44) | 223 (0.3) | 100 (0.4) | 323 (0.4) |
Somatoform disorders (F45) | 2900 (4.3) | 1784 (7.5) | 4684 (5.1) |
Personality disorders (F60, F61) | 746 (1.1) | 524 (2.2) | 1270 (1.4) |
Enuresis/encopresis (F98.0, F98.1) | 3538 (5.3) | 958 (4.0) | 4496 (4.9) |
Stuttering/cluttering (F98.5, F98.6) | 643 (1.0) | 115 (0.5) | 758 (0.8) |
Sleeping disorders (F51, G47) | 2377 (3.5) | 1123 (4.7) | 3500 (3.8) |
Number of psychiatric comorbiditiesa, n (%) | |||
0 | 16,651 (24.8) | 6282 (26.3) | 22,933 (25.2) |
1 | 19,307 (28.7) | 6893 (28.8) | 26,200 (28.8) |
2 | 14,688 (21.9) | 5012 (20.9) | 19,700 (21.6) |
≥ 3 | 16,548 (24.6) | 5737 (24.0) | 22,285 (24.5) |