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Table 3 Association between pre-pandemic psychopathology and latent class membership controlling for age, sex, and time since pandemic onset (n = 171)

From: Distinct patterns of emotional and behavioral change in child psychiatry outpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic

 

Better versus no change

Worse (hyperactive) group versus no change

Worse (despair) group versus no change

Δ pseudo R2(%)

LRT χ2(3)

p-value

RRR

95% CI

P

RRR

95% CI

P

RRR

95% CI

P

Early onset diagnoses

 ADHD dx

0.85

0.23–3.15

0.81

1.90

0.63–5.80

0.26

2.58

0.69–9.73

0.16

1.15

3.47

0.32

 ASD dx

2.31

0.52–10.32

0.27

0.90

0.18–4.51

0.90

0.77

0.15–3.85

0.75

0.44

1.33

0.72

Prior symptoms (yes/no)

 Sad/Depressed

2.04

0.55–7.56

0.29

1.54

0.54–4.39

0.42

3.01

0.93–9.75

0.07

1.54

4.67

0.20

 Worried/Anxious

3.26

0.65–16.24

0.15

2.46

0.74–8.15

0.14

2.50

0.66–9.44

0.18

1.96

5.91

0.12

 Defiant/Oppositional

1.72

0.49–6.01

0.40

6.40

1.97–20.82

0.002

1.61

0.56–4.63

0.38

4.06

12.27

0.007

 Despair/Hopelessness

3.85

0.67–22.04

0.13

3.77

0.94–15.09

0.06

14.88

4.23–52.37

 < 0.001

6.31

19.03

 < 0.001

 Inattentive/Easily Distracted

1.52

0.31–7.52

0.61

3.27

0.70–15.30

0.13

2.55

0.54–12.01

0.24

1.41

4.25

0.24

 Hyperactive/Impulsive

All 11 had prior hyperactivity

11.16

2.84–43.86

 < .001

2.99

0.96–9.32

0.06

8.42

18.52†

 < .001

 Seeming Irritable

4.89

1.20–19.89

.027

2.35

0.87–6.37

0.09

2.64

0.89–7.82

0.08

3.25

9.80

0.020

 Lacking Interest in Social Interactions

1.46

0.35–6.09

0.60

0.74

0.19–2.81

0.66

1.62

0.50–5.24

0.42

0.39

1.17

0.76

  1. Bold data = solution that best fit the data
  2. LRT Likelihood Ratio Test, RRR Relative Risk Ratio, CI Confidence Interval; †df = 2