Distinct patterns of emotional and behavioral change in child psychiatry outpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic

Table 4 Association between other child-related characteristics and features of the family environment and latent class membership controlling for age, sex, and time since pandemic onset (n = 171)

	Better vs. no change			Worse (hyperactive) group vs. no change			Worse (despair) group vs. no change			Δ pseudo R²(%)	LRT χ²(3)	p-value
	RRR	95% CI	P	RRR	95% CI	P	RRR	95% CI	P	Δ pseudo R²(%)	LRT χ²(3)	p-value
Child-related features
Cognitive functions
GAI*	1.01	0.96–1.05	0.72	0.98	0.94–1.02	0.26	1.03	0.99–1.07	0.19	1.57	3.59	0.31
Working Memory**	0.95	0.91–1.00	0.039	0.98	0.95–1.02	0.32	1.03	0.99–1.06	0.15	3.03	8.32	0.04
Processing Speed***	0.98	0.94–1.03	0.44	1.02	0.98–1.05	0.32	1.02	0.98–1.06	0.36	0.91	2.52	0.47
Negative remote learning experience spring 2020	2.71	0.55–13.42	0.22	1.08	0.39–2.94	0.89	1.08	0.36–3.25	0.89	0.58	1.75	0.63
Child on IEP or 504 plan	1.48	0.39–5.53	0.56	2.79	1.02–7.63	0.046	2.37	0.79–7.08	0.12	1.86	5.62	0.13
Features of the child’s environment
Family worried about paying bills	0.37	0.08–1.82	0.22	1.74	0.65–4.60	0.27	2.81	0.96–8.26	0.06	2.28	6.87	0.08
Close family friend diagnosed with COVID	0.76	0.18–3.16	0.70	0.73	0.25–2.18	0.58	0.99	0.29–3.38	0.99	0.14	0.42	0.94

LRT Likelihood Ratio Test, RRR Relative Risk Ratio, CI Confidence Interval; * n = 132, ** n = 161, *** n = 158

ISSN: 1753-2000