Table 2 Prevalence estimates and sample characteristics for ACE, SDQ, NEET status and demographic measures in the original ALSPAC data and imputed data
From: The validity of the residuals approach to measuring resilience to adverse childhood experiences
Variable | Original Data (total N = 14,964) | Imputed data (N = 293,880) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % Missing | Mean (sd) for continuous variables, % for categorical variables | Mean (sd) for continuous variables. % for categorical variables | |
SDQ total difficulties (16years) | 5566 | 62.12 | 6.1 (4.8) | 6.8 (5.3) |
Physical abuse | 7662 | 47.86 | 0.4 | 3.2 |
Emotional abuse | 7655 | 47.90 | 2.1 | 5.7 |
Emotional neglect | 5728 | 61.02 | 15.2 | 19 |
Bullying | 6841 | 53.44 | 14.5 | 15.5 |
Violence between parents | 7675 | 47.77 | 0.8 | 4 |
Substance abuse household | 3618 | 75.38 | 0.1 | 6.9 |
Parental mental health Problems | 3652 | 75.15 | 1.9 | 10.2 |
Parent convicted offence | 6864 | 53.29 | 0.7 | 2.5 |
Parental separation | 5567 | 62.11 | 8.3 | 13.2 |
Financial difficulties | 7605 | 48.24 | 0.9 | 3.3 |
Neighbourhood satisfaction | 5287 | 64.02 | 9.8 | 12.7 |
Social support child | 6639 | 54.82 | 5.2 | 7.3 |
Social support parent | 6948 | 52.72 | 2.3 | 4.1 |
Violence between child and partner | 3977 | 72.93 | 11 | 14.2 |
Parent child bond | 5378 | 63.40 | 5.6 | 9 |
Gestation (weeks) | 13,788 | 6.17 | 39.4 (1.9) | 39.4 (1.9) |
Social class household (32wk gestation) | 8773 | 40.30 | Â | Â |
 I—Professional |  |  | 11.3 | 9.9 |
 II—Managerial and technical |  |  | 44.4 | 40.7 |
 IIIM—Skilled manual |  |  | 11.7 | 14.5 |
 IIINM Skilled non-manual |  |  | 30.2 | 29.5 |
 IV—Partly skilled |  |  | 2.2 | 4.1 |
 V—Unskilled |  |  | 0.2 | 1.3 |
Maternal smoking 2nd trimester | 12,984 | 11.64 | Â | Â |
 No |  |  | 80.2 | 79.5 |
 Yes |  |  | 19.8 | 20.5 |
IQ category | 7421 | 49.50 | Â | Â |
 Exceptionally low |  |  | 1.8 | 3.6 |
 Low |  |  | 5.3 | 7.4 |
 Low average |  |  | 12.1 | 13.8 |
 Average |  |  | 43.8 | 42.2 |
 High average |  |  | 19.5 | 16.8 |
 High |  |  | 9.3 | 8.5 |
 Exceptionally high |  |  | 8.1 | 7.7 |
Reading speed (reading age) | 6823 | 53.57 | 10.4 (1.7) | 10.2 (1.8) |
Reading accuracy (reading age) | 6840 | 53.45 | 9.9 (1.8) | 9.7 (1.8) |
Reading comprehension (reading age) | 6840 | 53.45 | 9.6 (1.7) | 9.4 (1.8) |
Self esteem: global self-worth | 6833 | 53.50 | 19.2 (3.4) | 19.1 (3.5) |
Self Esteem: scholastic competence | 6844 | 53.42 | 17.0 (3.7) | 16.9 (3.7) |
Locus of control | 7038 | 52.10 | Â | Â |
Externalised | Â | Â | 57.3 | 60 |
Internalised | Â | Â | 42.7 | 40 |
Mental flexibility (mean reaction time) | 6871 | 53.24 | 598.5 (67.6) | 602.1 (70.7) |
Cognitive skills | 8360 | 43.11 | 2.0 (0.1) | 1.9 (0.1) |
Temperament | 8393 | 42.88 | 17.3 (3.4) | 17.2 (3.4) |
Grandparent attachment | 8118 | 44.75 | Â | Â |
 Yes |  |  | 45.8 | 46 |
 No |  |  | 54.2 | 54 |
Sibling relationship score | 6294 | 57.17 | 31.3 (5.5) | 31.4 (5.5) |
School attendance | 8052 | 45.20 | Â | Â |
 Over 10 days absent |  |  | 6.7 | 8 |
 Less than 10 days absent |  |  | 93.3 | 92 |
School perception | 3215 | 78.12 | 23.6 (3.9) | 23.3 (4.1) |
Religion | 8077 | 45.03 | Â | Â |
 No |  |  | 44.1 | 47 |
 Yes |  |  | 55.9 | 53 |
Extra-curricular activities | 5571 | 62.09 | Â | Â |
 Yes |  |  | 42.2 | 38.3 |
 No |  |  | 57.8 | 61.7 |
Friendship | 6650 | 54.74 | 20.9 (2.2) | 20.8 (2.2) |
Birthweight (kg) | 13,615 | 7.34 | 3.4 (0.6) | 3.4 (0.6) |
Maternal age | 13,788 | 6.17 | 28.0 (5.0) | 28.0 (5.0) |
Home ownership status birth | 12,406 | 15.57 | Â | Â |
 Owned |  |  | 76 | 74.3 |
 Rented |  |  | 24 | 25.7 |
Marital status birth | 12,915 | 12.11 | Â | Â |
 Not married |  |  | 25.1 | 25.9 |
 Married |  |  | 74.9 | 74.1 |
Parity | 12,757 | 13.18 | Â | Â |
 0 |  |  | 44.8 | 44.3 |
 1 |  |  | 35 | 34.4 |
 2 |  |  | 14.3 | 14.3 |
 3 |  |  | 4.2 | 4.5 |
 4 |  |  | 1.2 | 1.5 |
 5 +  |  |  | 0.5 | 0.9 |
Mother highest education qualification | 12,251 | 16.63 | Â | Â |
 CSE/None |  |  | 20.2 | 21.3 |
 Vocational |  |  | 9.9 | 10 |
 O Level |  |  | 34.6 | 34.2 |
 A Level |  |  | 22.5 | 21.9 |
 Degree |  |  | 12.9 | 12.6 |
Ethnicity | 12,163 | 17.22 | Â | Â |
 White |  |  | 97.4 | 97.1 |
 BAME |  |  | 2.6 | 2.9 |
Maternal BMI category | 11,378 | 22.57 | Â | Â |
 Underweight |  |  | 5 | 5.4 |
 Normal Weight |  |  | 73.4 | 72.8 |
 Overweight |  |  | 16.1 | 16.1 |
 Obese |  |  | 5.5 | 5.7 |
Partner highest education qualification | 11,775 | 19.87 | Â | Â |
 CSE/None |  |  | 26.1 | 27.9 |
 Vocational |  |  | 8.5 | 8.8 |
 O level |  |  | 22.6 | 20.9 |
 A level |  |  | 26 | 25.2 |
 Degree |  |  | 18.2 | 17.3 |
Sex | 14,694 | 0.00 | Â | Â |
 Male |  |  | 51 | 51 |
 Female |  |  | 49 | 49 |
SMFQ—depressive Symptoms (18yrs) | 3305 | 77.51 | 6.8 (5.9) | 7.1 (6.2) |
NEET at 17 years | 4052 | 72.42 | Â | Â |
 Yes |  |  | 4.3 | 9.3 |
 No |  |  | 95.7 | 90.7 |
NEET at 23 years | 3997 | 72.80 | Â | Â |
 Yes |  |  | 7 | 11 |
 No |  |  | 93 | 89 |
AUDIT score at 17years | 4108 | 72.04 | 7.0 (4.9) | 7.2 (5.1) |