Socioemotional development in infants of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of prenatal and postnatal maternal distress

Table 2 Correlations between study variables

Variables^a	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14
1. EPDS total score (pregnancy)	–
2. K10 total score (pregnancy)	0.733**	–
3. EPDS total score (2 months)	0.434**	0.457**	–
4. K10 total score (2 months)	0.466**	0.555**	0.736**	–
5. Total score ASQ:SE-2 ^b	0.083	0.079	0.233**	0.214**	–
6. Maternal age	− 0.107*	− 0.126**	− 0.075	− 0.131**	0.022	–
7. Weeks of pregnancy at T1	0.015	− 0.012	− 0.044	− 0.051	− 0.002	0.043	–
8. Maternal education	− 0.162**	− 0.141**	− 0.069	− 0.046	− 0.037	0.233**	− 0.062	–
9. Couple w/ other parent (yes/no)	0.014	0.080	− 0.030	0.054	− 0.034	− 0.073	0.036	0.047	–
10. Family income	− 0.236**	− 0.208**	− 0.132**	− 0.121**	− 0.085	0.235**	0.025	0.390**	0.144**	–
11. Financial situation affected by COVID-19	0.153**	0.137**	0.105*	0.062	− 0.027	− 0.082	− 0.009	− 0.128**	0.006	− 0.158**	–
12. Parental status (primiparous/multiparous)	0.035	− 0.003	0.032	0.001	− 0.061	0.280**	− 0.031	− 0.062	− 0.017	0.058	− 0.032	–
13. Gestational age	− 0.018	0.020	0.027	0.017	0.034	− 0.029	0.086	0.043	− 0.006	− 0.004	0.065	− 0.028	–
14. Infant age at T2	0.075	0.048	0.056	0.078	− 0.224**	− 0.01	− 0.222**	0.008	0.079	0.004	0.042	0.127**	− 0.324**	–
15. Infant sex	0.062	0.035	0.106*	0.064	0.014	− 0.142**	− 0.005	− 0.058	− 0.084	− 0.037	− 0.017	− 0.002	− 0.031	− 0.051

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01
^aPearson’s correlations were used to assess associations between continuous variables; Point-Biserial correlations were used to assess associations between dichotomous and continuous variables; Spearman’s correlations were used to assess associations between ordinal and continuous variables.
^bCorrelations between scores of maternal distress and the subscales of the ASQ-SE:2 are provided in the Additional file 1: Table S1.

ISSN: 1753-2000