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Table 4 Ordinal logistic regression of risk factors and numbers of types of behavioral disturbances among school-aged boys with ADHD

From: Family, personal, parental correlates and behavior disturbances in school-aged boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a cross-sectional study

Variables

Crude estimate

Adjusted estimate

OR [95% CI]

OR [95% CI]

Family factors

 

Birth order

  

First vs. later-born

1.35 [1.14, 1.60]***

1.40 [1.16, 1.69]***

Family structure

  

Not with vs. with both-parents

1.38 [1.12, 1.71]**

1.17 [1.12, 1.54]*

Sibling status

  

Without vs. with siblings

1.20 [0.97 1.50]

0.95 [0.74, 1.21]

Family history of mental disorders

  

Yes vs. no

1.38 [1.17, 1.64]***

1.31 [1.10 1.57]**

Personal factors

Birth term

  

Preterm vs. full-term birth

1.24 [0.95, 1.60]

1.06 [0.79, 1.42]

Birth mode

  

Cesarean section vs. normal spontaneous delivery

0.98 [0.82, 1.17]

0.93 [0.78, 1.11]

Birth body weight

  

< 2500 vs. BBW ≥ 2500 g

1.24 [0.88, 1.75]

1.01 [0.69, 1.48]

Prenatal complication

  

Yes vs. no

1.62 [1.29, 2.03]***

1.61 [1.06, 2.12]***

Perinatal complication

  

Yes vs. no

1.40 [1.16, 1.69]*

1.29 [1.06, 1.58]**

Medical comorbidity

  

Yes vs. no

1.72 [1.38, 2.15]***

1.57 [1.25, 1.97]***

Psychiatric comorbidity

  

Yes vs. no

1.26 [1.07. 1.50]**

1.24 [1.05, 1.48]*

Parental factors

Paternal education level

  

> 12 vs. ≦12 years

0.77 [0.66, 0.92]**

0.81 [0.66, 0.95]*

Maternal education level

  

> 12 vs. ≦12years

0.83 [0.70, 0.99]

0.93 [0.75, 1.15]

Paternal occupational status

  

Yes vs. no

1.02 [0.67, 1.55]

1.14 [0.74, 1.76]

Maternal occupational status

  

Yes vs. no

1.06 [0.89 1.26]

1.07 [0.90, 1.29]

Paternal age at childbirth

  

< 20 vs. ≥20 years

2.19 [0.74, 6.47]

1.06 [0.33, 3.44]

Maternal age at childbirth

  

< 20 vs. ≥20 years

1.95 [1.24, 3.04]*

1.56 [1.15, 2.57]*

  1. * P < 0.05
  2. ** P < 0.01
  3. *** P < 0.001